Roughly two-thirds of Americans end their pregnancies by taking two abortion medications – misoprostol and mifepristone. Because these safe, effective medications can be prescribed via telehealth, without an in-office visit, they are how most patients terminate pregnancies in states that ban abortion.
In recent years, anti-abortion groups and lawmakers have seeded a number of challenges to medication abortion. This year, several are coming to fruition.
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