(WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA) When a wildfire threatens a community, most people don’t think to ask whether the firefighters coming to help slept enough the night before, recovered from the previous day’s shift or have enough energy left for another day on the fire line. They simply expect firefighters to show up.
But that workforce is increasingly being stretched to its limits.
kAm%96 &]$] ?2E:@?2= 7:C6 AC6A2C65?6DD =6G6= 92D 366? 2E d k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]72463@@<]4@>^>2?E:=2D2=?2E:@?2=7@C6DE^A@DED^E96\?2E:@?\92D\366?\2E\A=d\D:?46\;F=J\`g\H92E\5@6D\E92E\>62?\7@C\H:=5=2?5\7:C6\C^`chaeaf`ehdfde__^Qm7@C H66<D :? DF>>6C a_aek^2m[ :ED k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3=>]8@G^3=@8^a_ac\_g\ah^?2E:@?2=\AC6A2C65?6DD\=6G6=D\H92E\:E\>62?D\36\A=\dQm9:896DE =6G6=k^2m[ DF886DE:?8 7:C67:89E:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:74]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^!C6A2C65?6DD{6G6=D^}2E:@?2=u:C6!C6A2C65?6DD{6G6=D]A57QmC6D@FC46D 2C6 7F==J 4@>>:EE65k^2m 2?5 D@>6 C68:@?D >2J ?665 6>6C86?4J DE277:?8 >62DFC6D E@ >66E E96 56>2?5] rC6HD H6C6 32EE=:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:74]8@G^7:C6\:?7@C>2E:@?^?7?Qm>@C6 E92? h_ =2C86 7:C6Dk^2m :? =2E6 pF8FDE[ 2?5 7:C67:89E6CD :? E96 $@FE9H6DE 2?5 %6I2D 72465 52JE:>6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:74]8@G^7:C6\:?7@C>2E:@?^?7?QmE6>A6C2EFC6D @G6C `__ 568C66Dk^2m u29C6?96:E Wbg 568C66D r6=:FDX 2E E:>6D]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQu:C67:89E6CD 4FE 7:C6=:?6 H9:=6 42CCJ:?8 962GJ A24<D]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fdebd_^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_gae\d_\hf<@4>];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?mrFEE:?8 7:C6 =:?6D E@ AC6G6?E H:=57:C6D 7C@> DAC625:?8 :D A9JD:42==J 6I92FDE:?8 H@C<[ 2?5 7:C67:89E6CD @7E6? H@C< =@?8 D9:7ED] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7=:4<C]4@>^A9@E@D^?:74^d`cbcghggbc^:?^A9@E@DEC62>^Qmy@6 qC25D92H^q{|k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmx? 4@?5:E:@?D =:<6 E9:D[ E96 F?C6=6?E:?8 962E[ DEC6DD 2?5 D>@<6 E2<6 2 E@== @? 7:C67:89E6CD’ 3@5:6D]k^Am
kAm%C2:?:?8[ 7:E?6DD 2?5 AC@E64E:G6 6BF:A>6?E 2==@H 7:C67:89E6CD E@ H@C< :? E96D6 6IEC2@C5:?2CJ 6?G:C@?>6?ED] qFE 2D 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^99D]AFC5F6]65F^5:C64E@CJ^;F=:2?\82==68@D^Qm?FCD6 AC24E:E:@?6C[ 7:C67:89E6C 2?5 7@F?56Ck^2m @7 !FC5F6 &?:G6CD:EJ’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AFC5F67:C67:89E6C962=E9]H663=J]4@>^23@FE\FD]9E>=Qmux#t {23k^2m[ x <?@H E@@ H6== E92E ?@?6 @7 E92E >2<6D E96 9F>2? 3@5J’D 42A23:=:E:6D =:>:E=6DD]k^Am
k9amw62E 9:ED 7:C67:89E6CD 7C@> b 5:C64E:@?Dk^9am
kAm(:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CD 7246 962E 7C@> E96 6?G:C@?>6?E[ E96 7:C6 2?5 E96:C @H? 3@5:6D]k^Am
kAmw:<:?8 DE66A E6CC2:? H:E9 962GJ 6BF:A>6?E[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]72463@@<]4@>^rp{ux#t|t&^A@DED^H:=57:C6H65?6D52J\7:C67:89E6C\92?5\4C6HD\FD6\2\G2C:6EJ\@7\E@@=D\E@\DE@A\H:=57:C6^`a`abgeegc_ace_a^Qm4=62C:?8 3CFD9 2?5 4FEE:?8 7:C6 =:?6k^2m E@ DE@A 7:C6D 7C@> DAC625:?8 4C62E6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?H48]8@G^e>7D^7:C67:89E6C\962=E9\2?5\7:CDE\2:5^962E\DEC6DDQm:?E6C?2= >6E23@=:4 962Ek^2m] $F? 2?5 9:89 2:C E6>A6C2EFC6D 255 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 962E[ H9:=6 7=2>6D 2?5 D>@=56C:?8 7F6=D 4@?EC:3FE6 C25:2?E 962E]k^Am
kAm%96 3@5J C6DA@?5D 3J D6?5:?8 >@C6 3=@@5 E@H2C5 E96 D<:? E@ C6=62D6 E92E 962E H9:=6 4@?E:?F:?8 E@ DFAA=J @IJ86? E@ H@C<:?8 >FD4=6D] %96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]bbh_^7:C6h_a__egQm962CE H@C<D 92C56Ck^2m E@ DFAA@CE 3@E9 ;@3D]k^Am
kAmpD 7=F:5 =@DD6D :?4C62D6[ E96 G@=F>6 @7 3=@@5 4:C4F=2E:?8 E9C@F89 E96 3@5J 42? 72==[ E96 962CE C2E6 C:D6D[ 2?5 E96 H@C< @7 7:89E:?8 7:C6D 766=D 92C56C]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp? :?7@8C2A9:4 5:D4FDD6D H2JD 7:C67:89E6CD 7246 962E 7C@> E96 7:C6[ E96 6?G:C@?>6?E 2?5 E96:C @H? 3@5:6D 7C@> E96 6I6CE:@? H96? 32EE=:?8 H:=57:C6D]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fdeaeb^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_gae\e_\6bGD=K]A?8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?mw@H 962E 27764ED H:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CD] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AFC5F67:C67:89E6C962=E9]H663=J]4@>^23@FE\FD]9E>=Qm!FC5F6 &?:G6CD:EJ ux#t {23k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmu:6=5 DEF5:6D D9@H 9@H E9:D DEC2:? 42? 364@>6 D6G6C6] x? @?6 DEF5J @7 aa` H:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CD @? E96 ;@3[ e`T C624965 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`e^;]H6>]a_a`]_a]__cQm4@C6 E6>A6C2EFC6 @7 2E =62DE `__ u Wbg rXk^2m] p3@FE d_T C624965 2 A9JD:@=@8:42= DEC2:? :?56I @7 e @C 8C62E6C @? 2 _\E@\`_ D42=6 E92E 4@>3:?6D 962CE C2E6 2?5 4@C6 E6>A6C2EFC6 E@ >62DFC6 9@H 92C5 E96 3@5J :D H@C<:?8 E@ 4@A6 H:E9 962E] p>@?8 E9@D6 H9@D6 3@5J E6>A6C2EFC6D 4C@DD65 `__ u[ E96 >2;@C:EJ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`e^;]H6>]a_a`]_a]__cQmC6>2:?65 23@G6 E92E E6>A6C2EFC6 7@C >@C6 E92? b_ >:?FE6Dk^2m]k^Am
kAmp 4@C6 E6>A6C2EFC6 @7 `__ u 5@6D ?@E 3J :ED6=7 >62? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^962=E9]F452G:D]65F^3=@8^4F=E:G2E:?8\962=E9^:D\:E\962E\6I92FDE:@?\@C\962E\DEC@<6\96C6\2C6\E96\DJ>AE@>D\E@\H2E49\7@C^a_ac^_fQm962E DEC@<6k^2m[ 3FE :E D:8?2=D DF3DE2?E:2= A9JD:@=@8:42= DEC2:?] $E2J:?8 9J5C2E65 96=AD E96 3@5J DH62E 2?5 <66A 3=@@5 4:C4F=2E:?8[ 3FE 6G6? 2 7F==J 9J5C2E65 7:C67:89E6C 42? @G6C962E H96? E96 3@5J 82:?D 2?5 AC@5F46D 962E 72DE6C E92? :E 42? C6=62D6 :E]k^Am
k9amx>>65:2E6 4@?D6BF6?46D 42? 56G6=@A BF:4<=Jk^9am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62E96C]8@G^D276EJ^962E\:==?6DDQmw62E DEC2:?k^2m >2J 368:? H:E9 72E:8F6[ 96252496[ 5:KK:?6DD[ H62<?6DD @C ?2FD62 2?5 AC@8C6DD E@ 962E 6I92FDE:@? @C 962E DEC@<6] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]496DE?6E]@C8^?6HDC@@>^3=@8^a_ab^`_^9JA6CE96C>:2\962E\:?;FCJ\2?5\962EDEC@<6Qm$6G6C6 9JA6CE96C>:2k^2m 42? 27764E E96 3C2:?[ 962CE[ <:5?6JD 2?5 =:G6C]k^Am
kAm(:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CD 42? 2=D@ 7246 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^>J]4=6G6=2?54=:?:4]@C8^962=E9^5:D62D6D^a``gc\C9235@>J@=JD:DQmC9235@>J@=JD:Dk^2m[ 2 3C62<5@H? @7 D<6=6E2= >FD4=6 E92E 42? 4@?EC:3FE6 E@ <:5?6J :?;FCJ] %96 }2E:@?2= x?DE:EFE6 7@C ~44FA2E:@?2= $276EJ 2?5 w62=E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^?:@D9^3F==6E:?^a_a_^H:=5=2?5\7:C67:89E6C\962=E9]9E>=QmC6A@CE65 ea D6G6C6 42D6D 2>@?8 H:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CDk^2m 7C@> a_`_ E@ a_a_ 2?5 42FE:@?65 E92E E96 ECF6 ?F>36C H2D AC@323=J 9:896C]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp =:?6 @7 7:C67:89E6CD :? D@@E\ 2?5 5:CE\DE2:?65 J6==@H ;24<6ED H2=< 2=@?8 2 C@25 42CCJ:?8 6BF:A>6?E]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fdebdc^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_gae\e_\fA44?<];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?mu:89E:?8 H:=57:C6D @7E6? >62?D H2=<:?8 >:=6D :? DE66A E6CC2:?[ 42CCJ:?8 E96 6BF:A>6?E 2?5 AC@E64E:G6 862C 7:C67:89E6CD ?665] %96D6 7:C67:89E6CD 2C6 H@C<:?8 @? E96 %:>36C u:C6 ?62C q:8 $FC[ r2=:7][ :? pF8FDE a_ae] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]5G:5D9F3]?6E^:>286^hgfccfd^E:>36C\7:C6nQmp?5C6H pG:EE^&]$] u@C6DE $6CG:46k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmw62E 255D E@ 72E:8F6 H96? 7:C67:89E6CD >FDE 2?E:4:A2E6 7:C6 3692G:@C 2?5 >2<6 C2A:5 564:D:@?D]k^Am
kAmp a_ad 7:6=5 DEF5J 7@F?5 E92E H:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CD 2G6C2865 `b]g\9@FC D9:7ED @? 52JD H96? E96J H6C6 7:89E:?8 7:C6D 2?5 8@E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_f`^(uaca`aQm2C@F?5 e]f 9@FCD @7 D=66Ak^2m] !@@C6C D=66A 2?5 =@?86C D9:7ED H6C6 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 C65F465 4@8?:E:G6 7F?4E:@?[ H9:49 42? 27764E 2 7:C67:89E6C’D 23:=:EJ E@ >2<6 DA=:E\D64@?5 42==D[ DF49 2D H96? E@ C6EC62E 7C@> 2? 6D42=2E:?8 7:C6]k^Am
k9amt7764ED DE2J H:E9 3@5:6D 36J@?5 @?6 D9:7Ek^9am
kAm%96 67764ED @7 962E 2?5 6I92FDE:@? 42? 2=D@ 255 FA] p 7:C67:89E6C 42? 7:?:D9 2 D9:7E 9@E[ D>@<6\6IA@D65 2?5 A9JD:42==J 56A=6E65[ D=66A :? 2 H2C> 42>A 2?5 C6EFC? E@ E96 =:?6 367@C6 7F==J C64@G6C:?8] #6A62E:?8 E92E A2EE6C? 24C@DD 52JD 2?5 7:C6 D62D@?D >2J A=246 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`e^;]6?GC6D]a_`h]_b]_e_Qm@?8@:?8 DEC2:?k^2m @? E96 962CE[ =F?8D 2?5 <:5?6JD]k^Am
kAm$>@<6 255D 2?@E96C 962=E9 C:D<] (:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CD 4@>>@?=J H@C< :? D>@<6 H:E9@FE E96 <:?5 @7 AC@E64E:@? E92E 7:C67:89E6CD FD6 H96? 7:89E:?8 3=2K6D :?D:56 3F:=5:?8D]k^Am
kAmp a_`h 6IA@DFC6\>@56=:?8 DEF5J 6DE:>2E65 E92E[ 56A6?5:?8 @? E96 ?F>36C @7 7:C6 52JD H@C<65 @G6C 2 42C66C[ 4F>F=2E:G6 D>@<6 6IA@DFC6 4@F=5 :?4C62D6 2 H:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6C’D C:D< @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`e^;]6?GC6D]a_`h]_b]_e_Qm5J:?8 7C@> =F?8 42?46C 3J gT E@ cbTk^2m 2?5 5J:?8 7C@> 42C5:@G2D4F=2C 5:D62D6 3J `eT E@ b_T] %96D6 2C6 6DE:>2E6D[ 3FE E96J D9@H H9J 42C66C\=@?8 6IA@DFC6 56D6CG6D 2EE6?E:@?]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQu:C67:89E6CD @? 2:C >2EEC6DD6D H:E9 E6?ED :? E96 324<8C@F?5]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fdeaeg^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_gae\f_\Hb`dJ;];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?mv6EE:?8 BF2=:EJ C6DE 36EH66? D9:7ED :D?’E 2=H2JD 62DJ 5FC:?8 >F=E:52J 42>A2:8?D 7:89E:?8 >2;@C 7:C6D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HDC@@>]2A]@C8^56E2:=^(6DE6C?(:=57:C6D^_577e3265c73cbhc2fa3hhghd_bd2`53^A9@E@Qmp! !9@E@^%65 $] (2CC6? G:2 %96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmz:5?6J 962=E9 :D 2?@E96C 6>6C8:?8 4@?46C?] p k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`__a^2;:>]f___eQma_ad DEF5J @7 bh H:=5=2?5 7:C67:89E6CDk^2m 7@F?5 E6>A@C2CJ 564C62D6D :? <:5?6J 7F?4E:@? 2?5 492?86D :? <:5?6J\:?;FCJ 3:@>2C<6CD 5FC:?8 @?6 >:5D62D@? 7:C6 :?4:56?E] |@C6 C6D62C49 :D ?66565 E@ 56E6C>:?6 H96E96C 7:C67:89E:?8 @G6C D62D@?D 2?5 J62CD 42? =625 E@ A6CD:DE6?E <:5?6J 52>286]k^Am
kAm%96D6 7:?5:?8D C2:D6 2? :>A@CE2?E @44FA2E:@?2= 962=E9 BF6DE:@?i (92E 92AA6?D H96? 962E[ 569J5C2E:@?[ D>@<6[ D=66A 5:DCFAE:@? 2?5 6IEC6>6 A9JD:42= 6I6CE:@? 244F>F=2E6 ?@E @?=J 24C@DD @?6 :?4:56?E 3FE 24C@DD 2? 6?E:C6 42C66Cnk^Am
k9amw@H E@ =@H6C E96 C:D<k^9am
kAm%96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^9@H\962E\H2G6D\:?4C62D6\H:=57:C6\C:D<\agd`agQm962E :D?’E 8@:?8 2H2Jk^2m[ 3FE E96C6 2C6 H2JD H:=57:C6 >2?286>6?E 286?4:6D 42? C65F46 E96 C:D< E@ 7:C67:89E6CD]k^Am
kAmu:CDE[ 7:C67:89E6C 962=E9 D9@F=5 36 2? :>A@CE2?E A2CE @7 ?2E:@?2= H:=57:C6 C625:?6DD A@=:4:6D] w2G:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E968F2C5:2?]4@>^FD\?6HD^a_ae^2F8^`h^FD\7:C67:89E6CD\DE277:?8\D9@CE286Qm256BF2E6 DE277:?8k^2m D@ 7:C67:89E6CD k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]82@]8@G^AC@5F4ED^82@\ab\`_dd`fQm2C6?’E @G6CH@C<65k^2m 2?5 92G6 >62?:?87F= 6?@F89 C64@G6CJ E:>6 E@ C69J5C2E6[ 4@@= 5@H? 2?5 D=66A 36EH66? D9:7ED 2C6 :>A@CE2?E] $@ 2C6 4@?5:E:@?D E92E 2==@H C62= D=66A 36EH66? D9:7ED]k^Am
kAm|@?:E@C:?8 7:C67:89E6CD’ 962=E9 42? 2=D@ 96=A 42E49 62C=J H2C?:?8 D:8?D[ DF49 2D <:5?6J DEC6DD @C 3FC?@FE]k^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^52E2HC2AA6C]5H45?]?6E^xxJvc^7F==]A?8Q ^mk^Am
kAm%96 AF3=:4 42? 2=D@ 96=A 3J C65F4:?8 E96 =:<6=:9@@5 @7 9:89\DEC6DD 7:C6 D:EF2E:@?D]k^Am
kAm%96 }2E:@?2= x?E6C286?4J u:C6 r6?E6C 6DE:>2E6D E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:74]8@G^7:C6\:?7@C>2E:@?^7:C6\AC6G6?E:@?\65F42E:@?\>:E:82E:@?^H:=57:C6\AC6G6?E:@?Qm23@FE gdT @7 &]$] H:=57:C6D 2C6 42FD65 3J 9F>2? 24E:G:E:6Dk^2m] $@>6 @7 E9@D6 42? 36 2G@:565 3J 7F==J 6IE:?8F:D9:?8 42>A7:C6D[ 4964<:?8 =@42= 7:C6 C6DEC:4E:@?D[ 2G@:5:?8 DA2C<\AC@5F4:?8 24E:G:E:6D @? 5CJ[ H:?5J 52JD H96? 7:C6 C:D< :D 9:89[ 2?5 >2:?E2:?:?8 G69:4=6D 2?5 EC2:=6CD D@ >6E2= 5@6D ?@E 5C28 2?5 :8?:E6 G686E2E:@?]k^Am
kAmx7 J@F =:G6 :? H:=57:C6\AC@?6 4@F?ECJ[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?7A2]@C8^65F42E:@?\2?5\C6D62C49^H:=57:C6^AC6A2C:?8\9@>6D\7@C\H:=57:C6Qm4C62E:?8 5676?D:3=6 DA246k^2m 2?5 C65F4:?8 4@>3FDE:3=6 >2E6C:2= 2C@F?5 J@FC 9@>6 42? C65F46 E96 7F6= 7@C 7:C6D] tG24F2E:?8 AC@>AE=J :? 2? 6>6C86?4J 2=D@ C65F46D E96 =:<6=:9@@5 7:C67:89E6CD H:== 92G6 E@ AFE E96>D6=G6D :? 9:89\DEC6DD D:EF2E:@?D E@ C6D4F6 J@F]k^Am
kAm(6 2== 6IA64E 7:C67:89E6CD E@ 36 E96C6 H96? E96 H@CDE 92AA6?D] |2<:?8 DFC6 E96J 42? 5@ E96:C ;@3D 2?5 DE2J 962=E9J H:== 2==@H E96> E@ 4@?E:?F6 E@ D9@H FA]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah_df`Qm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^;F=:2?\=\82==68@D\adhehccnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah_df`QmyF=:2? {] v2==68@Dk^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^AFC5F6\F?:G6CD:EJ\`gafnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah_df`Qm!FC5F6 &?:G6CD:EJk^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^J6==@H\;6CD6JD\@7\E96\7:C6=:?6\2\52J\7:89E:?8\H:=57:C6D\42?\C6BF:C6\2D\>F49\6?5FC2?46\2D\C:5:?8\E96\E@FC\56\7C2?46\a_`_fhnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah_df`Qm*6==@H ;6CD6JD @7 E96 7:C6=:?6i p 52J 7:89E:?8 H:=57:C6D 42? C6BF:C6 2D >F49 6?5FC2?46 2D C:5:?8 E96 %@FC 56 uC2?46k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7C@>\7=2>6D\E@\92K6\H:=57:C6\D>@<6\EC2?D7@C>D\2D\:E\EC2G6=D\2?5\:E\42?\92C>\J@FC\962=E9\:?\5:776C6?E\H2JD\ah_`eanFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah_df`QmuC@> 7=2>6D E@ 92K6[ H:=57:C6 D>@<6 EC2?D7@C>D 2D :E EC2G6=D[ 2?5 :E 42? 92C> J@FC 962=E9 :? 5:776C6?E H2JDk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^9@H\2>6C:42\4@FCE65\:?4C62D:?8=J\56DECF4E:G6\H:=57:C6D\2?5\H92E\E92E\>62?D\7@C\AC@E64E:?8\9@>6D\E@52J\acfc`bnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah_df`Qmw@H p>6C:42 4@FCE65 :?4C62D:?8=J 56DECF4E:G6 H:=57:C6D − 2?5 H92E E92E >62?D 7@C AC@E64E:?8 9@>6D E@52Jk^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?myF=:2? { v2==68@D :D 277:=:2E65 H:E9 |6?VD w62=E9 }6EH@C<]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^ah_df`^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
