Exploring the benefits of in-home care vs. nursing homes
When an elderly loved one requires extra support, you have a big decision to make — do you go the in-home care or nursing home route? Both options have their benefits.
kAm(6 2== H2?E H92E’D 36DE 7@C @FC D6?:@C =@G65 @?6D] (9:=6 :E’D 2 ?2EFC2= A2CE @7 28:?8[ D6?:@C 42C6 :D?’E 2=H2JD D@>6E9:?8 E92E 72>:=:6D =:<6 E@ 5:D4FDD] qFE 92G:?8 @A6? 5:D4FDD:@?D 23@FE 42C6 @AE:@?D 42? 6?DFC6 BF2=:EJ @7 =:76 7@C E9@D6 H9@ >2EE6C >@DE]k^Am
kAm%9:D 8F:56 3J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>Qm':==286 r2C68:G:?8k^2m 6IA=@C6D E96 25G2?E286D @7 :?\9@>6 42C6 2?5 ?FCD:?8 9@>6D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 E96 36DE 49@:46 7@C J@FC =@G65 @?6] {62C? >@C6 23@FE E96 =6G6= @7 42C6[ 4@DED 2?5 :?56A6?56?46 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 6249 @AE:@?]k^Am
k9bmz6J %2<62H2JDk^9bm
kF=mk=:mx?\9@>6 42C6 @776CD D6?:@CD A6CD@?2=:K65 4@>7@CE 2?5 72>:=:2C:EJ] }FCD:?8 9@>6D AC@G:56 =2C86C DE277 G@=F>6D E@ DFAA@CE D6?:@CD H:E9 >@C6 AC6DD:?8 962=E9 :DDF6D]k^=:mk=:mx?\9@>6 42C6 42? AC@G:56 >@C6 :?56A6?56?46 2?5 7=6I:3:=:EJ] }FCD:?8 9@>6 42C6 @776CD 2==\:?4=FD:G6 =:G:?8[ DECF4EFC6 2?5 4FDE@>:K65 2446DD:3:=:EJ]k^=:mk=:m}FCD:?8 9@>6D EJA:42==J 4@DE >@C6] x?\9@>6 42C6 FDF2==J :?G@=G6D A2J:?8 7@C E96 9@FCD 2 72>:=J 42C68:G6C H@C<D]k^=:mk=:mr9@@D:?8 E96 C:89E @AE:@? 7@C 2 =@G65 @?6 :?G@=G6D @A6? 4@>>F?:42E:@?[ =@?8\E6C> 42C6 4@?D:56C2E:@?D 2?5 6G2=F2E:?8 52J\E@\52J 42C6 ?665D]k^=:mk=:mu2>:=:6D H:== EJA:42==J 92G6 >@C6 D2J 2?5 7C665@> H:E9 :?\9@>6 42C6 @AE:@?D[ H9:=6 ?FCD:?8 9@>6D 2C6 >@C6 DECF4EFC65]k^=:mk=:mpD<:?8 E96 C:89E BF6DE:@?D 23@FE 6>6C86?4J AC@465FC6D[ DE277 =6G6=D 2?5 9:556? 766D 42? 6?DFC6 2 8@@5 BF2=:EJ @7 =:76 H:E9@FE F?6IA64E65 6IEC2 4@DED]k^=:mk^F=m
k9bm&?56CDE2?5:?8 x?\w@>6 r2C6k^9bm
kAmx?\9@>6 42C6 2==@HD D6?:@CD E@ 286 :? A=246] xE EJA:42==J :?G@=G6D 2 72>:=J 42C68:G6C 4@>:?8 :?E@ E96 9@>6 2?5 AC@G:5:?8 G2C:@FD 42C6 D6CG:46D 7@C J@FC D6?:@C =@G65 @?6D] pD C6>2:?:?8 :? @?6’D 9@>6 @776CD 2 D6?D6 @7 72>:=:2C:EJ[ :?\9@>6 42C6 :D @7E6? 2 E@A 49@:46 7@C D6?:@CD DF776C:?8 7C@> 286\C6=2E65 5:D62D6D =:<6 56>6?E:2 2?5 @E96C 2:=>6?ED]k^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ 2 a_ac DEF5J 3J E96 p>6C:42? pDD@4:2E:@? @7 #6E:C65 !6CD@?D Wpp#!X[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]22CA]@C8^9@>6\=:G:?8^9@>6\4@>>F?:EJ\AC676C6?46D\DFCG6J\a_ac^QmfdT @7 25F=ED 2865 d_k^2m 2?5 23@G6 H2?E E@ C6>2:? :? E96:C 9@>6D 2D E96J 286] x?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD 42? A6C7@C> >2?J 5:776C6?E 5FE:6D E@ 244@>>@52E6 E96D6 ?665D]k^Am
kAmp? :?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6C’D C@=6 56A6?5D @? E96 D6?:@C’D ?665D] u@C 6I2>A=6[ D@>6 D6?:@CD >2J 92G6 >@3:=:EJ :DDF6D 2?5 ?665 2DD:DE2?46 >@G:?8 7C@> @?6 C@@> E@ 2?@E96C] ~E96CD >2J =:G6 72C 2H2J 7C@> E96:C 72>:=:6D 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^D6CG:46D^4@>A2?:@?D9:A^QmC6BF:C6 4@>A2?:@?D9:A D6CG:46Dk^2m E@ 766= =6DD :D@=2E65] w2G:?8 E96 7C665@> E@ D6=64E D6CG:46D 6?DFC6D J@FC =@G65 @?6 C646:G6D E96 4@CC64E EJA6 2?5 =6G6= @7 DFAA@CE]k^Am
k9bmq6?67:ED @7 x?\w@>6 r2C6 pDD:DE2?46k^9bm
kAmx?\9@>6 42C6 @776CD >2?J 36?67:ED 7@C D6?:@C 25F=ED 2?5 E96:C =@G65 @?6D] |2?J @7 E96> 2C6 6DD6?E:2= E@ =@?8\E6C> 42C6 2?5 @G6C2== 8@@5 962=E9] w6C6 2C6 ;FDE D@>6 C62D@?D H9J A6@A=6 >2J AC676C E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^36?67:ED\@7\28:?8\:?\A=246^Qm286 :? A=246k^2m 2?5 49@@D6 2? :?\9@>6 42C6 2DD:DE2?46 @AE:@?ik^Am
kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8m!6CD@?2= C6=2E:@?D9:ADik^DEC@?8m x?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD H@C< H:E9 D6?:@C 25F=ED @?6\@?\@?6] %9:D 6?23=6D E96> E@ 86E E@ <?@H J@FC =@G65 @?6 2?5 2?E:4:A2E6 E96:C ?665D] %9:D :D 2? :>A@CE2?E A2CE @7 56G6=@A:?8 ECFDE 2?5 72>:=:2C:EJ[ 2D 2 A6CD@?2= C6=2E:@?D9:A :D?’E ;FDE 23@FE 2DD:DE:?8 H:E9 E2D<D]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mvC62E6C :?56A6?56?46ik^DEC@?8m *@F 42? 4FDE@>:K6 E96 =6G6= @7 :?\9@>6 42C6[ H9:49 6?23=6D 42A23=6 D6?:@CD E@ 5@ D@>6 E2D<D F?2DD:DE65] u@C D6?:@C C6=2E:G6D[ E9:D :D 2 3:8 A2CE @7 C6>2:?:?8 :?56A6?56?E] p==@H:?8 D6?:@CD E@ 9@=5 @?E@ E96:C 2FE@?@>J 96=AD E96> 6IA6C:6?46 2 D6?D6 @7 AFCA@D6]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mtIEC2 4@>7@CEik^DEC@?8m x?\9@>6 42C6 >62?D D6?:@CD 42? 4@?E:?F6 E@ 6?;@J E96 4@>7@CED @7 9@>6] %96J 42? D:E :? E96:C 72G@C:E6 492:C[ DFCC@F?565 3J 496C:D965 36=@?8:?8D[ 2?5 92G6 E96 D2>6 ?6:893@CD 2?5 DFCC@F?5:?8D] u66=:?8 2E 62D6 :? E96:C @H? 9@>6 42? C65F46 DEC6DD 2?5 2?I:6EJ]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mu=6I:3:=:EJik^DEC@?8m u2>:=J 42C68:G6CD 42? 25;FDE E96:C =6G6= @7 42C6 2D E96 D6?:@C’D ?665D 492?86] xE >2J 368:? H:E9 ;FDE 2 76H 9@FCD 2 H66<[ 3FE :E 42? 36 4@>7@CE:?8 7@C 72>:=:6D E@ <?@H E92E E96C6’D 6IEC2 DFAA@CE 2G2:=23=6 H96? ?66565]k^=:mk^F=m
kAmt7764E:G6 9@>6 42C6 C6BF:C6D @A6? 2?5 9@?6DE 4@?G6CD2E:@?D[ H:E9 D:8?:7:42?E 72>:=J :?G@=G6>6?E H96? H6:89:?8 FA @AE:@?D] (92E >2EE6CD >@DE :D AC:@C:E:K:?8 J@FC D6?:@C =@G65 @?6’D ?665D 2?5 BF2=:EJ @7 =:76]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^_b^_h^_`\36?67:ED\@7\:?9@>6\42C6\GD\?FCD:?8\9@>6]A?8Q 2=ElQp? :?7@8C2A9:4 4@>A2C:?8 36EH66? E96 36?67:ED @7 :?\9@>6 42C6 2?5 ?FCD:?8 9@>6]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m':==286 r2C68:G:?8k^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9bmk3C ^mtIA=@C:?8 }FCD:?8 w@>6 u24:=:E:6Dk^9bm
kAmp ?FCD:?8 9@>6 AC@G:56D C@F?5\E96\4=@4< 42C6 7@C D6?:@CD] &?=:<6 :?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD[ ?FCD:?8 9@>6 DE277 2C6 86?6C2==J BF2=:7:65 >65:42= AC@76DD:@?2=D[ >2<:?8 :E 2 8@@5 @AE:@? 7@C E9@D6 H:E9 D6G6C6 962=E9 :DDF6D E92E >2J 4@?E:?F6 E@ H@CD6? @G6C E:>6] $6?:@CD H:E9 4@?5:E:@?D E92E C6BF:C6 4=:?:42= >@?:E@C:?8 H:E9 >65:42= 6BF:A>6?E 2C6 FDF2==J 36EE6C DF:E65 E@ 2 ?FCD:?8 9@>6]k^Am
kAm(9:=6 :E =24<D E96 72>:=:2C:EJ @7 :?\9@>6 42C6[ E96D6 724:=:E:6D AC@G:56 DEC@?8 D@4:2= DECF4EFC6D] $6?:@CD :? ?FCD:?8 9@>6D 42? DE2J :? 2 D92C65 @C AC:G2E6 C@@> 2?5 C646:G6 2== E96:C >62=D] x?5:G:5F2=D H9@ 6?;@J C68F=2C D@4:2= :?E6C24E:@? G2=F6 E96 4@>A2?J @7 ?FCD:?8 DE277 2?5 @E96C C6D:56?ED] %96 3F:=E\:? 4@>>F?:EJ 2?5 C68F=2C D@4:2= 6G6?ED H:E9 @E96C C6D:56?ED >2J 36 >@C6 2AA62=:?8 E@ D@>6 D6?:@CD E92? =:G:?8 2=@?6]k^Am
k9bmq6?67:ED @7 }FCD:?8 w@>6 r2C6k^9bm
kAm}FCD:?8 9@>6D @7E6? 4@>6 2E 2 9:896C 4@DE 3FE 56=:G6C D6G6C2= 36?67:ED] |2?J 72>:=:6D 49@@D6 E9:D @AE:@? :7 :E >62?D 86EE:?8 E96 C:89E 42C6 7@C E96:C =@G65 @?6D] z?@H:?8 H92E E@ 6IA64E 2E E96D6 724:=:E:6D :D 2? :>A@CE2?E A2CE @7 >2<:?8 E92E 49@:46] q6=@H 2C6 E96 >2:? 36?67:ED @7 ?FCD:?8 9@>6 42C6ik^Am
kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@>AC696?D:G6 >65:42= 42C6ik^DEC@?8m }FCD:?8 9@>6D 92G6 E96 724:=:E:6D 2?5 EC2:?65 DE277 E@ 2DD:DE H:E9 G2C:@FD 962=E9 4@?5:E:@?D] %9@D6 H:E9 49C@?:4 :==?6DD6D @C 25G2?465 4@8?:E:G6 5:D62D6D H:== 92G6 2446DD E@ E96 DFAA@CE E96J ?665]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mpDD:DE2?46 H:E9 52:=J E2D<Dik^DEC@?8m w2G:?8 C@F?5\E96\4=@4< 42C6 >62?D 76H6C H@CC:6D 23@FE J@FC =@G65 @?6 92G:?8 :DDF6D 32E9:?8 @C 8@:?8 E@ E96 32E9C@@>] $6?:@CD 42? 6?;@J 2 5:8?:7:65 6IA6C:6?46 H96C6 >65:42= AC@76DD:@?2=D 2C6 2G2:=23=6 4@?DE2?E=J] (9:=6 :?\9@>6 42C6 H:== 2=D@ @776C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^D:8?D\7@C\ac\f\42C6^Qmac^f DFAA@CEk^2m[ :E H@?’E 92G6 2D >2?J @?\92?5 >65:42= DE277 2D 2 ?FCD:?8 9@>6]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mvC62E6C D64FC:EJik^DEC@?8m }FCD:?8 9@>6D 2C6 D64FC6 2?5 D276 6?G:C@?>6?ED] %96 AC6>:D6D 2C6 EJA:42==J 3F:=E H:E9 2446DD:3:=:EJ :? >:?5] $6?:@CD 42? >@G6 2E E96:C @H? A246[ H:E9 6IEC2 DFAA@CE 7C@> C2>AD 2?5 8C23 32CD] x7 2 D6?:@C A6CD@? :D AC@?6 E@ H2?56C:?8[ J@F >2J H@CCJ 23@FE E96:C D276EJ] }FCD:?8 9@>6D @7E6? E2<6 8C62E 42C6 E@ D64FC6 E96 AC6>:D6D]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mp==\:?4=FD:G6 =:G:?8ik^DEC@?8m p ?FCD:?8 9@>6 E2<6D 42C6 @7 >62=D[ 9@FD6<66A:?8 2?5 D@4:2= 24E:G:E:6D] (9:=6 :?\9@>6 42C6 >2J :?G@=G6 D@>6 @7 E96D6 E9:?8D[ ?FCD:?8 9@>6D 92G6 DE277 E62>D E92E 92?5=6 6G6CJE9:?8] %9:D :?4=FD:G6 DEJ=6 @7 42C6 42? 36 A6CD@?2=:K65[ @776C:?8 AC:G2E6 C@@>D[ D92C65 C@@>D 2?5 5:6E2CJ 244@>>@52E:@?D]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m!6246 @7 >:?5ik^DEC@?8m u2>:=:6D 42? C6DE 2DDFC65 E92E E96:C =@G65 @?6D 2C6 86EE:?8 ac^f 42C6] %9:D 42? C6>@G6 2?J H@CC:6D 23@FE =@G65 @?6D 6IA6C:6?4:?8 72==D @C 7@C86EE:?8 E@ 7665 E96>D6=G6D]k^=:mk^F=m
kAms:D4FDD:?8 2 A@E6?E:2= >@G6 :?E@ 2 ?FCD:?8 9@>6 42? 36 2 D6?D:E:G6 E@A:4] qFE E96 >@DE :>A@CE2?E A2CE @7 E9:D 49@:46 :D 6?DFC:?8 E92E E9@D6 J@F =@G6 42? 286 H:E9 8C246 2?5 =:G6 4@>7@CE23=J]k^Am
k9bm$6?:@C r2C6 r@DE r@>A2C:D@?Dk^9bm
kAm%96 AC:46 @7 ?FCD:?8 9@>6D 2?5 :?\9@>6 42C6 5:776CD 7C@> DE2E6 E@ DE2E6] %96 a_ac r@DE @7 r2C6 $FCG6J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3FD:?6DDH:C6]4@>^?6HD^9@>6^a_ad_b_`dgcccb^6?^v6?H@CE9\2?5\r2C6$4@FE\#6=62D6\r@DE\@7\r2C6\$FCG6J\#6DF=ED\7@C\a_acQmC6A@CE65 @? E96 2G6C286 >65:2? 4@DEDk^2m 7@C 3@E9 @AE:@?D] %96 2G6C286 >@?E9=J 4@DE @7 :?\9@>6 42C6 :D Se[aha 7@C 9@>6>2<6C D6CG:46D =:<6 =2F?5CJ 2?5 >62= AC6A2C2E:@?] u@C ?FCD:?8 9@>6 42C6[ >@?E9=J 4@DED 42? C2?86 7C@> Sh[aff 7@C 2 D6>:AC:G2E6 C@@> E@ S`_[ece 7@C 2 AC:G2E6 @?6]k^Am
kAm}FCD:?8 9@>6D H:== 86?6C2==J 92G6 9:896C 7:I65 >@?E9=J 4@DED 3FE AC@G:56 4@>AC696?D:G6 ac^f 42C6] x?\9@>6 42C6 86?6C2==J :?G@=G6D A2J:?8 @?=J 7@C E96 E:>6 2 72>:=J 42C68:G6C DA6?5D H:E9 J@FC =@G65 @?6] %9:D 6IA6?D6 42? D@>6E:>6D 36 3C@<6? 5@H? :?E@ 2 >@C6 >2?28623=6 9@FC=J 2>@F?E 7@C :?\9@>6 G:D:ED]k^Am
kAm%96 =6G6= @7 42C6 ?66565 42? 2=D@ 56E6C>:?6 E96 @G6C2== 4@DE @7 E96D6 D6CG:46D]k^Am
k9bmw@H E@ r9@@D6 E96 q6DE r2C6 ~AE:@? 7@C *@FC {@G65 ~?6k^9bm
k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^_b^_h^_a\9@H\E@\49@@D6\E96\36DE\42C6\@AE:@?\7@C\J@FC\=@G65\@?6]A?8Q 2=ElQp? :?7@8C2A9:4 =:DE:?8 E96 36DE 42C6 @AE:@?D 7@C 2 =@G65 @?6]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m':==286 r2C68:G:?8k^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm%96C6’D ?@ D:?8=6 C:89E 2?DH6C — 6G6CJ 72>:=J :D 5:776C6?E] %96 C:89E @AE:@? H:== 56A6?5 6?E:C6=J @? H92E’D 36DE 7@C E96 D6?:@CD :? J@FC =:76] |2<:?8 E9:D 49@:46 42? 766= @G6CH96=>:?8 2E E:>6D] qFE <66A:?8 4@?G6CD2E:@?D 7@4FD65 @? 42C6[ 962=E9 2?5 =@?8\E6C> D@=FE:@?D 42? C65F46 E96D6 H@CC:6D]k^Am
kAmw6C6 2C6 D@>6 4@?D:56C2E:@?D H96? 49@@D:?8 E96 36DE 42C6 @AE:@? 7@C J@FC =@G65 @?6ik^Am
kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8m$A64:7:4 ?665Dik^DEC@?8m |2?J 72>:=:6D <?@H E96:C D6?:@C =@G65 @?6 36EE6C E92? E96J <?@H E96>D6=G6D] %9:D @776CD 2 F?:BF6 A6CDA64E:G6 23@FE E96:C 52:=J ?665D 2?5 42C6 C6BF:C6>6?ED] p D6?:@C >2J ?@E 25>:E E@ ?665:?8 42C6 2E 2== — 6G6? :7 J@F <?@H E96J 92G6 >65:42= ?665D[ DF49 2D DA64:7:4 >65:42E:@?D @C >65:42= :?;64E:@?D 2E D6E E:>6D]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m{@?8\E6C> A6CDA64E:G6ik^DEC@?8m p =@G65 @?6 >2J ;FDE ?665 D@>6 96=A H:E9 >62= AC6A2C2E:@? 2?5 86EE:?8 @FE @7 365] w@H6G6C[ :E’D :>A@CE2?E E@ 4@?D:56C =@?8\E6C> 42C6 ?665D] xE’D ?@E 62DJ E@ A:4EFC6 E96 564=:?6 :? 962=E9 @7 E9@D6 H9@ >2EE6C >@DE] w2G:?8 2? :562 @7 9@H E96:C 962=E9 >2J 492?86 @G6C E96 ?6IE 76H J62CD 42? 96=A 56E6C>:?6 E96 C:89E 49@:46 7@C E96:C 5:8?:EJ 2?5 42C6]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@?D:56C:?8 G2C:23=6Dik^DEC@?8m r@DE :D 2? F?56CDE2?523=J 3:8 A2CE @7 >2<:?8 2 49@:46] !@E6?E:2= A2J>6?E @AE:@?D 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^5@6D\:?DFC2?46\A2J\7@C\9@>6\42C6^Qm|65:42:5 @C |65:42C6 :?DFC2?46k^2m >2J 96=A 4@G6C :?\9@>6 42C6 4@DED] xE 42? 2=D@ 9:89=:89E H92E :D?’E 4@G6C65[ AC@G:5:?8 AC24E:42= 4@DE\C6=2E65 :?D:89ED E@ :?7@C> J@FC 564:D:@?]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m~A6? 4@?G6CD2E:@?Dik^DEC@?8m |2<:?8 E9:D 49@:46 :D 2 C6DA@?D:3:=:EJ] (9:=6 5@?6 @FE @7 =@G6[ :E’D DE:== 2 564:D:@? E92E 27764ED D@>6@?6’D =:76] %2<6 E96 E:>6 E@ D:E 2?5 @A6?=J 5:D4FDD @AE:@?D 2D 2 72>:=J] x7 :E’D 5@?6 H:E9 42C6 2?5 D6?D:E:G:EJ[ E96D6 4@?G6CD2E:@?D 42? 7@C> DEC@?86C 3@?5D 2?5 :?7@C> E96 49@:46 >256]k^=:mk^F=m
kAm$@>6 72>:=:6D AC676C E@ E6DE E96 H2E6C 3J ECJ:?8 :?\9@>6 42C6 @? 2? :?E6C>:EE6?E 32D:D] %9:D C65F46D E96 492?46D @7 5:DCFAE:@? :7 2 A6C>2?6?E ?FCD:?8 9@>6 >@G6 5@6D?’E H@C< @FE]k^Am
k9bm"F2=:EJ @7 {:76k^9bm
kAm%96 C:89E D6?:@C =:G:?8 @AE:@? 42? 6?92?46 2 A6CD@?’D BF2=:EJ @7 =:76] xE’D E96 G6CJ =62DE E92E D6?:@CD 56D6CG6] xE 6?DFC6D E92E E96J’C6 DE:== 23=6 E@ 766= 8@@5[ 24E:G6 2?5 D@4:2==J :?4=F565 :? 24E:G:E:6D @C A2CE @7 :>A@CE2?E 564:D:@?D] p D6?:@C’D A9JD:42=[ 6>@E:@?2= 2?5 >6?E2= ?665D 42? 36 >6E :? 5:776C6?E H2JD[ 56A6?5:?8 @? J@FC 49@:46 @7 42C6]k^Am
kAmq@E9 :?\9@>6 42C6 2?5 ?FCD:?8 9@>6 724:=:E:6D 42E6C E@ D6?:@CD’ 6>@E:@?2= ?665D E9C@F89ik^Am
kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8m$@4:2= 24E:G:E:6Dik^DEC@?8m }FCD:?8 9@>6D @7E6? 724:=:E2E6 24E:G:E:6D =:<6 42C5 82>6D[ 4C27ED @C E62 :? 2 D92C65 DA246] x?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD 92G6 >@C6 7C665@> E@ E2:=@C D@4:2= 24E:G:E:6D E@ E96 A6CD@?’D :?E6C6DED @C 9@33:6D]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mx?56A6?56?46ik^DEC@?8m }FCD:?8 9@>6 4@DED @7E6? :?4=F56 EC2?DA@CE2E:@? D6CG:46D[ H9:49 2==@H C6D:56?ED E@ 8@ E@ E96 D9@AD[ 49FC49 @C AF3=:4 A2C<D] $6?:@CD FD:?8 :?\9@>6 EC2?DA@CE2E:@? D6CG:46D 6?;@J 8C62E6C 7=6I:3:=:EJ[ 2D E96J 42? 8@ H96C6 E96J H2?E H96? E96J H2?E]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@>A2?:@?D9:Aik^DEC@?8m %9@D6 =:G:?8 :? ?FCD:?8 9@>6D D@4:2=:K6 H:E9 ?FCD6D[ C6D:56?ED 2?5 @E96C DE277 C68F=2C=J] x?\9@>6 4@>A2?:@?D9:A D6CG:46D 2==@H D6?:@CD E@ 49@@D6 9@H >F49 D@4:2= E:>6 E96J H2?E]k^=:mk^F=m
kAm(9:=6 3@E9 ?FCD:?8 9@>6D 2?5 :?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD AC:@C:E:K6 D6?:@CD’ D@4:2= ?665D[ :?\9@>6 D6CG:46D 8:G6 E96 A6CD@? >@C6 4@?EC@= :? E96D6 D:EF2E:@?D] $:>:=2C=J[ :?\9@>6 EC2?DA@CE D6CG:46D 6?DFC6 8C62E6C :?56A6?56?46] %96C6’D ?@ C:89E @C HC@?8 49@:46] xE’D 23@FE 7:?5:?8 H2JD E@ DE:>F=2E6 D6?:@CD :? 42C6[ H9:=6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^C65F46\DEC6DD\7@C\72>:=:6D^QmC65F4:?8 72>:=:6D’ 4@?46C?Dk^2m 7@C E96:C H6==\36:?8]k^Am
k9bms2:=J {:76 r@?D:56C2E:@?Dk^9bm
kAmpD A6@A=6 286[ E96:C 72>:=:6D 364@>6 :?4C62D:?8=J 4@?46C?65 23@FE E96:C D276EJ 2?5 42C6] (:E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DE2E:DE2]4@>^DE2E:DE:4D^cdfgaa^D92C6\@7\@=5\286\A@AF=2E:@?\:?\E96\E@E2=\FD\A@AF=2E:@?^nDCD=E:5lp7>q~@@(03"`f@!ph=BIr'(*~|?e6gHs7C_(r{=Gzx+2y$Jh0'_s)@g\Qm@G6C `hT @7 E96 ?2E:@?2= A@AF=2E:@?k^2m 2865 ed @C @=56C[ :E’D D@>6E9:?8 >@DE A6@A=6 H:== 6IA6C:6?46 H:E9 E96:C =@G65 @?6D] r@>A2C:?8 D@>6 D6C:@FD 52J\E@\52J D:EF2E:@?D E92E D6?:@CD H:== 6IA6C:6?46 2?5 36?67:E 7C@> :D :>A@CE2?E]k^Am
kAmw6C6 2C6 D@>6 2C62D @7 42C6 E92E :?\9@>6 42C68:G6CD 2?5 ?FCD:?8 9@>6D C68F=2C=J 562= H:E9[ 2?5 H92E E96J :?G@=G6]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m$276EJ >62DFC6Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmx?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD 82:? 2 C62=:DE:4 :562 @7 E96 D276EJ 92K2C5D :? 2 D6?:@C’D 9@>6] xE’D ?2EFC2= E@ H@CCJ 23@FE J@FC =@G65 @?6’D D276EJ — 2=>@DE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^72==D^52E2\C6D62C49^724ED\DE2ED^:?56I]9E>=Qmb`h[___ D6?:@CD 2C6 9@DA:E2=:K65k^2m H:E9 7C24EFC65 9:AD 7C@> 72==D 6249 J62C[ >2<:?8 D276 6?G:C@?>6?ED 2? :>A@CE2?E A2CE @7 2?J 564:D:@?] r2C68:G6CD C646:G6 6IE6?D:G6 DE277 EC2:?:?8 2?5 2C6 <?@H=658623=6 23@FE 6>6C86?4J AC@E@4@=D] qFE =:G:?8 2=@?6 4@>6D H:E9 @E96C D276EJ C:D<D[ =:<6 <:E496? 7:C6D[ 4C:>6 2?5 D64FC:EJ]k^Am
kAm!6@A=6 H9@ H2?E E@ 286 :? A=246 92G6 2 D6E 6?G:C@?>6?E H96C6 D276EJ 92K2C5D 42? 36 562=E H:E9] p C68F=2C :?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6C 42? AFE >62DFC6D :? A=246 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^8F:56\E@\D6?:@C\9@>6\D276EJ^QmC65F46 E96D6 D276EJ C:D<Dk^2m 2C@F?5 E96 9@>6] u2>:=J 42C68:G6CD 2C6 2=D@ C6BF:C65 E@ F?56C8@ 6IE6?D:G6 EC2:?:?8 E@ C6DA@?5 BF:4<=J E@ 6>6C86?4J AC@E@4@=D] }FCD:?8 9@>6D 2=D@ AC:@C:E:K6 D276EJ] %96J 92G6 E96 C6D@FC46D E@ 6BF:A AC6>:D6D H:E9 4=@D65\4:C4F:E E6=6G:D:@? Wrr%'X[ 2446DD 82E6D 2?5 255:E:@?2= D64FC:EJ A6CD@??6=]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m}FEC:E:@? 2?5 >62=Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmp 8@@5 >62= 42? >62? 2 =@E E@ 2 D6?:@C H9@ DECF88=6D E@ >2<6 E96:C @H? 7@@5] x?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD AC@G:56 G2CJ:?8 =6G6=D @7 2DD:DE2?46 :? >62= AC6A2C2E:@?[ 2==@H:?8 D6?:@CD E@ E2<6 >@C6 @H?6CD9:A @7 H92E E96J 62E] $@>6 AC@G:56CD @776C :?5:G:5F2=:K65 ?FEC:E:@? A=2?D[ 6?DFC:?8 J@FC D6?:@C =@G65 @?6D 86E 2== E96 ?FEC:6?ED E96J ?665]k^Am
kAm}FCD:?8 9@>6D 2C6 >:?57F= @7 5:6E2CJ C6BF:C6>6?ED 2?5 H:== 4FDE@>:K6 :?5:G:5F2= >6?FD 244@C5:?8=J] w@H6G6C[ 2D E96D6 >6?FD 2C6 >@C6 DECF4EFC65[ E96C6 :D =6DD @AA@CEF?:EJ E@ E2:=@C 5:??6CD E@ 2 A6CD@?’D DA64:7:4 E2DE6D]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#6DA:E6 42C6k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmxE’D 4@>>@? 7@C 2 72>:=J >6>36C E@ E2<6 FA E96 3F=< @7 :?\9@>6 42C68:G:?8 E2D<D] *6E[ 255:E:@?2= 42C6 42? =625 E@ 3FC?@FE H96? C6=2E:G6D 92G6 E96:C @H? 72>:=:6D 2?5 H@C< 4@>>:E>6?ED]k^Am
kAm#6DA:E6 42C6 2==@HD 72>:=J >6>36CD E@ E6>A@C2C:=J D9:7E 42C6 C6DA@?D:3:=:E:6D E@ EC2:?65 42C68:G6CD] xE 6?23=6D 72>:=J >6>36CD E@ E2<6 2 3C62<[ 8@ @? 9@=:52J @C D:>A=J E2<6 2 DE6A 324< 7C@> 4@?E:?F@FD 42C6]k^Am
kAmx?\9@>6 42C6 AC@G:56CD 2==@H J@F E@ E2<6 2 3C62< H96? ?66565] *@F 42? 2=D@ 3@@< D6?:@C 72>:=J >6>36CD :?E@ 2 ?FCD:?8 9@>6 7@C D9@CE\E6C> 42C6[ 3FE E96C6 2C6 @7E6? >@C6 C6BF:C6>6?ED E@ >66E 7@C E9:D 2AAC@249]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mu2>:=J :?G@=G6>6?Ek^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm$@>6 A6@A=6 >2J AC676C E@ 92G6 >@C6 72>:=J :?G@=G6>6?E :? E96:C =@G65 @?6’D 42C6] ~E96CD >2J AC676C E@ C6=J @? BF2=:7:65 6IA6CED E@ =@@< 27E6C E96D6 >2EE6CD] t:E96C H2J[ 72>:=:6D >2J 6?4@F?E6C D@>6 5:776C6?46D 36EH66? :?\9@>6 2?5 ?FCD:?8 9@>6 42C6[ :?4=F5:?8ik^Am
kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8mr9@:46 2?5 G@:46ik^DEC@?8m p ?FCD:?8 9@>6 H:== 92G6 2 D6E C@DE6C @7 DE277 >6>36CD] x?\9@>6 @AE:@?D EJA:42==J @776C >@C6 D2J :? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^49@@D6\4@>A2?:@?\AC@G:56C^Qm49@@D:?8 E96 C:89E 4@>A2?:@?k^2m @C 72>:=J 42C68:G6C]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m':D:E:?8 2?5 24E:G:E:6Dik^DEC@?8m }FCD:?8 9@>6D 92G6 D4965F=6D 7@C >62=D[ 42C6[ 24E:G:E:6D 2?5 C6DE] %9:D EJA:42==J :?4=F56D D6E G:D:E:?8 9@FCD] ~A6? G:D:E2E:@? :D?’E 8F2C2?E665 7@C 72>:=:6D H9@ =:<6 5C@A\:? G:D:ED 2?5 DA@?E2?6@FD 24E:G:E:6D]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@>>F?:42E:@?ik^DEC@?8m }FCD:?8 9@>6D 92G6 C@3FDE DE277:?8 DECF4EFC6D 7@C A6246 @7 >:?5] w@H6G6C[ E9:D >2J >62? 2 =24< @7 4@>>F?:42E:@? 36EH66? C6G@=G:?8 DE277 2?5 72>:=J[ C2E96C E92? DA62<:?8 5:C64E=J E@ 2? :?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6C]k^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@>7@CEik^DEC@?8m x?\9@>6 72>:=J 42C68:G6CD 42? H@C< H:E9 E96 9@>6’D 7FC?:EFC6 2?5 DFCC@F?5:?8D E@ 4C62E6 2 4@>7@CE23=6 2E>@DA96C6] u2>:=:6D H9@ G:D:E =@G65 @?6D :? ?FCD:?8 9@>6D H:== 36?67:E 7C@> 2 9:89 =6G6= @7 >65:42= 42C6[ 3FE >2J H@CCJ @G6C 9@H 4@>7@CE23=6 2 D6?:@C C6=2E:G6 766=D :? 2 >@C6 DE2E:4\=@@<:?8 6?G:C@?>6?E]k^=:mk^F=m
kAm%96D6 724E@CD 2== 4@?EC:3FE6 E@H2C5 2 564:D:@? E92E A=62D6D 2== 72>:=J >6>36CD] xE >2J 36 2 >2EE6C @7 49@@D:?8 DE277 ?F>36CD 2?5 6IA6?D6 @G6C 4@>7@CE[ 72>:=:2C:EJ 2?5 A6CD@?2= 42C6] qFE E96D6 2C6?’E >FEF2==J 6I4=FD:G6[ 2?5 E96 C:89E 49@:46 H:== =:<6=J :?4=F56 2 =:EE=6 @7 3@E9]k^Am
k9bm"F6DE:@?D E@ pD< (96? r@?D:56C:?8 x?\w@>6 r2C6 @C 2 }FCD:?8 w@>6k^9bm
kAm(96? J@F’C6 4=@D6 E@ >2<:?8 2 564:D:@?[ E96C6 H:== =:<6=J 36 D6G6C2= F?2?DH6C65 BF6DE:@?D] %96D6 D9@F=5 36 2:>65 2E 2?J A@E6?E:2= :?\9@>6 42C6 286?4:6D @C ?FCD:?8 9@>6D J@F’C6 4@?D:56C:?8] p ECFDE65[ 6IA6C:6?465 42C6 4@>A2?J D9@F=5 92G6 ?@ :DDF6 2?DH6C:?8 E96D6] %96:C 2?DH6CD 42? 2=D@ 96=A DE66C J@F :? 2 5:C64E:@? E92E DF:ED J@FC D6?:@C =@G65 @?6D 2?5 @E96C 72>:=J >6>36CD]k^Am
kAm%96D6 2C6 E96 BF6DE:@?D E@ 2D< H96? 4@?D:56C:?8 :?\9@>6 42C6 @C 2 ?FCD:?8 9@>6ik^Am
kF=mk=:mkDEC@?8m$E277:?8 ?665Dik^DEC@?8m (92E :D E96 42C68:G6C\E@\D6?:@C C2E:@nk^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mt>6C86?4J AC@465FC6Dik^DEC@?8m (92E 92AA6?D :7 E96C6’D 2 >65:42= 6>6C86?4Jnk^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@?D:DE6?4J :? DE277ik^DEC@?8m (:== H6 D66 E96 D2>6 A6@A=6[ @C H:== E96C6 36 5:776C6?E DE277 6249 52Jnk^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr@DED 2?5 9:556? 766Dik^DEC@?8m pC6 E96C6 6IEC2 492C86D 7@C =2F?5CJ 2?5 H66<6?5 H@C<nk^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8mr2C6 A9:=@D@A9Jik^DEC@?8m w@H 5@ J@F 92?5=6 A6CD@?2=:K65 C6BF6DED @C 492?86D :? C@FE:?6nk^=:mk=:mkDEC@?8m!6CD@?2=:EJ 2?5 >@@5ik^DEC@?8m (92E H@F=5 J@F 5@ :7 2 D6?:@C H6C6 36:?8 5:77:4F=E @C 288C6DD:G6nk^=:mk^F=m
kAmpD<:?8 E96D6 BF6DE:@?D 2==@HD J@F E@ 5:8 566A6C :?E@ D@>6 C62=:DE:4 D46?2C:@D[ 564:5:?8 :7 E96 42C6 AC@G:56C 2=:8?D H:E9 J@FC =@G65 @?6 2?5 72>:=J’D ?665D]k^Am
k9bm|2<:?8 2 r9@:46 %92E’D u2:C 2?5 s:8?:7:65k^9bm
kAm}@ @?6 D9@F=5 7@C86E E96 9F>2? 6=6>6?E @7 >2<:?8 E9:D 49@:46] $6?:@CD ?665 D@4:2= :?E6C24E:@?[ :?56A6?56?46 2?5 DFAA@CE E@ >2:?E2:? 2 8@@5 BF2=:EJ @7 =:76] %96J 2=D@ 56D6CG6 :E] (96E96C :E’D 28:?8 :? A=246 @C >@G:?8 :?E@ 2 ?FCD:?8 9@>6[ E9:D 2DA64E @7 28:?8 42? 36 5:77:4F=E]k^Am
kAm(:E9 4@>>F?:42E:@?[ 42C6 2?5 D6?D:E:G:EJ[ E9:D AC@46DD 42? 36 =6DD DEC6DD7F=] r@?D:56C:?8 2== @7 E96 23@G6 724E@CD 42? =625 E@ @A6? 4@?G6CD2E:@?D[ H96C6 =@G6 2?5 C6DA64E 2C6 AC:@C:E:6D] x? E:>6[ E9:D 42? =625 E@ E96 C:89E 49@:46 7@C 6G6CJ@?6 :?G@=G65]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>^3=@8^:?\9@>6\42C6\GD\?FCD:?8\9@>6^Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2m k6>mH2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^G:==28642C68:G:?8]4@>Qmk6>m':==286 r2C68:G:?8k^6>mk^2m k6>m2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am