(COLUMBIA, SC) “Reasonable Doubt” was not the first rap album I ever owned. But Jay-Z’s debut was the first hip-hop album I bought with my own money. More importantly, it was the first one I studied as a young writer who aspired to become a rapper, a dream that eventually came true.
Jay-Z sounded cool in a way that resembled a jazz musician more than a conventional rap star. He rapped with a quiet calm that also conveyed supreme confidence. His lyrics were layered, skillful and unorthodox.
kAm*6D[ E96 EC24<D @7E6? C6G@=G65 2C@F?5 5CF8 562=:?8] qFE E96 9FDE=6CD H9@ A@AF=2E65 “#62D@?23=6 s@F3E” H6C6?’E 5686?6C2E6D] %96J H6C6 C67:?65 2?5 2DEFE6 E9:?<6CD] p?5 F?=:<6 @E96C 82?8DE2 C2AA6CD[ E96C6 H2D 2 >@C2= BF2?52CJ 2E E96 962CE @7 9:D DE@CJE6==:?8] x? EC24<D =:<6 “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]J@FEF36]4@>^H2E49nGlre9*+yG>H~*Qms’tG:=Dk^2m[” y2J\+’D ?2CC2E@C EFC?D 4C:>6[ 2DA:C2E:@? 2?5 A2C2?@:2 :?E@ >65:E2E:@?D @? 42A:E2=:D> 2?5 E96 ADJ49:4 4@DE @7 H62=E9ik^Am
k3=@4<BF@E6mkAm(6 FD65 E@ 7:89E 7@C 3F:=5:?8 3=@4<Dk^AmkAm}@H H6 7:89E 7@C 3=@4<D H:E9 3F:=5:?8D E92E >2<6 2 <:==:?8k^AmkAm%96 4=@D6DE @7 7C:6?5D H96? H6 7:CDE DE2CE65k^AmkAmqFE 8C6H 2A2CE 2D E96 >@?6J 8C6H[ 2?5 D@@? 8C6H 3=24<\962CE65k^Amk^3=@4<BF@E6m
kAmp?5 =2E6Cik^Am
k3=@4<BF@E6mkAm|J D@F= :D A@DD6DD65 3J sVtG:=D :? E96 7@C> @7 5:2>@?5D 2?5 {6IFD6Dk^Amk^3=@4<BF@E6m
kAm%96 4:?6>2E:4 4@>A=6I:EJ 5:DA=2J65 :? :ED EC24<D 96=AD 6IA=2:? H9J “#62D@?23=6 s@F3E” H2D :?5F4E65 :?E@ E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]8C2>>J]4@>^?6HD^;2J\K\C62D@?23=6\5@F3E\563FE\2=3F>\8C2>>J\92==\@7\72>6QmvC2>>J w2== @7 u2>6k^2m[ 2?5 H9J :E DE:== >2EE6CD b_ J62CD =2E6C]k^Am
kAmqFE E96 2=3F> 2=D@ =2F?4965 E96 42C66C @7 2 C2AA6C H9@D6 @H? EC2;64E@CJ 92D 4@>6 E@ >:CC@C 9:A\9@A’D @H? EC2?D7@C>2E:@?]k^Am
kAmx? `hhe[ 9:A\9@A H2D DE:== 7:89E:?8 7@C =68:E:>24J] %9C66 564256D =2E6C[ :E 925 366? 7@=565 :?E@ E96 >2:?DEC62>] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]AF=:EK6C]@C8^H:??6CD^<6?5C:4<\=2>2CQmz6?5C:4< {2>2C 42? H:? 2 !F=:EK6C !C:K6k^2m[ }2D 42? 92G6 2? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D:E6D]92CG2C5]65F^9:A9@A2C49:G6^23@FE\E96\?2D\76==@HD9:A^Qm6?5@H65 76==@HD9:A 2E w2CG2C5 &?:G6CD:EJk^2m[ 2?5 y2J\+[ H9@ @?46 4@F=5?’E 86E D:8?65 E@ 2 =236=[ 42? 4C62E6 2 =236= @7 9:D @H? 2?5 364@>6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3C:E2??:42]4@>^3:@8C2A9J^y2J\+Qm2 3:==:@?2:C6 3FD:?6DD >@8F=k^2m]k^Am
kAmxD :E 6G6? A@DD:3=6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^J@FEF36]4@>^D9@CED^H{4C4he`C'HnD:lGy!Is5$h$%Ixrsx=Qm7@C 9:A\9@A E@ 36 D66? 2D 4@F?E6C4F=EFC2=k^2m :? a_aen p?5 H92E 92AA6?D H96? 9:A\9@A’D >@DE DF446DD7F= @FED:56C 364@>6D 46?EC2= E@ E96 G6CJ :?DE:EFE:@?D 96 @?46 D66>65 E@ 492==6?86nk^Am
k9amuC@> >@C2= A2?:4 E@ 4@CA@C2E6 3696>@E9k^9am
kAm(96? “#62D@?23=6 s@F3E” H2D C6=62D65[ 9:A\9@A H2D 3@E9 2D46?52?E 2?5 F?56C D:686]k^Am
kAmx? u63CF2CJ `hhe[ %FA24 $92<FC 42>6 @FE H:E9 “p== tJ6K @? |6[” H9:49 3642>6 @?6 @7 E96 36DED6==:?8 C2A 2=3F>D @7 2== E:>6j D6G6? >@?E9D =2E6C[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^`hhe^_h^`c^2CED^EFA24\D92<FC\ad\C2A\A6C7@C>6C\H9@\A6CD@?:7:65\G:@=6?46\5:6D]9E>=Qm96 H2D D9@E 2?5 <:==65k^2m] w:D 7C:6?5\EFC?65\C:G2=[ %96 }@E@C:@FD q]x]v][ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^`hhf^_b^`_^FD^C2AA6C\:D\D9@E\E@\562E9\:?\649@\@7\<:==:?8\e\>@?E9D\28@]9E>=QmH2D D9@E 2?5 <:==65k^2m :? 2 5C:G6\3J D9@@E:?8 E96 7@==@H:?8 J62C] %96 >65:2 @7E6? 42DE E96D6 9:89\AC@7:=6 562E9D 2D AC@@7 E92E C2A >FD:4 H2D :?D6A2C23=6 7C@> DEC66E G:@=6?46[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^4FA]4@=F>3:2]65F^3@@<^?FE9:?\3FE\2\8\E92?8^hfg_ab``ac_gh^Qm2?5 E96 >@C2= A2?:4 2C@F?5 9:A\9@A’D :?7=F6?46 @? J@F?8 =:DE6?6CD @?=J :?E6?D:7:65k^2m]k^Am
kAmw@H E:>6D 92G6 492?865] %@52J[ 9:A\9@A A@H6CD 25G6CE:D:?8 42>A2:8?D[ =FIFCJ 3C2?5:?8 2?5 DEC62>:?8 A=2E7@C>D] p44@C5:?8 E@ }:6=D6?[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3FD:?6DD:?D:56C]4@>^9:A\9@A\A2DD6D\C@4<\>@DE\A@AF=2C\>FD:4\86?C6\?:6=D6?\a_`g\`QmC2A DFCA2DD65 C@4< >FD:4 2D E96 >@DE A@AF=2C >FD:4 86?C6k^2m :? E96 &]$] :? a_`g] %@52J[ :E 244@F?ED 7@C C@F89=J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^=F>:?2E652E2]4@>^C6A@CED^J62C6?5\>FD:4\:?5FDECJ\C6A@CE\a_ad^Qm`\:?\c @?\56>2?5 2F5:@ DEC62>Dk^2m]k^Am
kAmy2J\+ 92D A=2J65 2? @FED:K65 C@=6 :? E92E EC2?D7@C>2E:@?]k^Am
kAm$:?46 `hhg[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]8C2>>J]4@>^2CE:DED^;2J\K^hg`d^Qm96’D H@? ad vC2>>JD 7@C 9:D @H? >FD:4k^2m] x? E92E E:>6[ 96’D 2=D@ 3F:=E 2 3FD:?6DD 6>A:C6] %96C6’D 9:D E2=6?E 286?4J[ #@4 }2E:@?j 9:D DEC62>:?8 A=2E7@C>[ %xsp{j 9:D G6?EFC6 42A:E2= 7:C>[ |2C4J '6?EFC6 !2CE?6CDj 2?5 9:D =FIFCJ 2=4@9@= 3C2?5D[ pC>2?5 56 qC:8?24 2?5 s’&DDé] %9C@F89 #@4 }2E:@?[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]C@4?2E:@?]4@>^?6HD^C@4\?2E:@?\?7=\6?E6CE2:?>6?E\DEC2E68:DE^Qm96’D 2=D@ 2 DEC2E68:4 A2CE?6C H:E9 E96 }u{k^2m[ 25G:D:?8 E96 7@@E32== =628F6 @? :ED 6?E6CE2:?>6?E AC@8C2>>:?8]k^Am
kAmu@C36D 4FCC6?E=J A68D 9:D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^AC@7:=6^;2J\KQm?6E H@CE9 2E &$Sa]g 3:==:@?k^2m]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp? @=56C 3=@?56 >2? H62C:?8 2 A@=@ D9:CE 2?5 2 q=24< >2? H62C:?8 2 3=24< 32D632== 42A =2F89 H9:=6 D:EE:?8 ?6IE E@ @?6 2?@E96C]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fcbehd^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_eab\df\hD;:39];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m}u{ r@>>:DD:@?6C #@86C v@@56== >66ED H:E9 y2J\+ E@ 2??@F?46 2 ?6H A2CE?6CD9:A 36EH66? #@4 }2E:@? 2?5 E96 }u{ @? pF8] `c[ a_`h[ :? }6H *@C<] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^4@>>:DD:@?6C\C@86C\8@@56==\2?5\;2J\K\2E\E96\C@4\?2E:@?\2?5\?6HD\A9@E@^``eg_adg__n25AA@AFAlECF6Qmz6G:? |2KFC^v6EEJ x>286D 7@C #@4 }2E:@?k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9amr@?7C@?E65 @? 42A:E2=:D>k^9am
kAmx? pAC:= a_ae[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]8B]4@>^DE@CJ^;2J\K\4@G6C\:?E6CG:6H\2AC:=\a_aeQmv" AF3=:D965 2 =@?8 :?E6CG:6H H:E9 y2J\+k^2m]k^Am
kAm%9:D H2D 2 3:8 562=i y2J\+ 925?’E :?E6C24E65 H:E9 E96 >65:2 =:<6 E9:D D:?46 a_`f[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:==3@2C5]4@>^>FD:4^C3\9:A\9@A^;2J\K\<2?J6\H6DE\3667\72>:=J\C2A\C252C\:?E6CG:6H\G:56@\fhbc``b^QmH96? 96 H2D AC@>@E:?8k^2m 9:D `bE9 D@=@ 2=3F>[ “cicc]”k^Am
kAmw@H H@F=5 @?6 @7 9:A\9@A’D 6=56C DE2E6D>6? C67=64E @? 9:D 42C66C 2?5 9:D >2?J DF446DD6Dnk^Am
kAmx? E96 :?E6CG:6H[ y2J\+ 5:5?’E AC6D6?E 9:D C:496D 2D 2 4@>A=:42E65 @FE4@>6 @7 42A:E2=:D>’D 4@?EC25:4E:@?D] x?DE625[ 96 E2=<65 23@FE 9:D H62=E9 2D :7 :E H6C6 D@>6E9:?8 9:D 4C:E:4D 925 72:=65 E@ F?56CDE2?5] (96? 2D<65 23@FE E96 36=:67 E92E E96C6’D D@>6E9:?8 :?96C6?E=J DFDA64E 23@FE 244F>F=2E:?8 D@ >F49 >@?6J[ 96 AFD965 324<ik^Am
k3=@4<BF@E6mkAm“xE’D 2=>@DE =:<6 2 4@A\@FE] *@F 86E E@ 56>@?:K6 E9:D 8C@FA @7 7@=<D H:E9@FE 7:I:?8 E96 24EF2= DJDE6> E92E 6I:DED ,…. *@FC >@C2=:EJ 567:?6D H9@ J@F 2C6] *@FC >@C2=:EJ :D ?@E 567:?65 3J 2 5@==2C 2>@F?E]”k^Amk^3=@4<BF@E6m
kAmpD 7@C E96 ?@E:@? E92E 9:D 42C66C EC2;64E@CJ H2D D@>69@H 9JA@4C:E:42=ik^Am
k3=@4<BF@E6mkAm“%96 @?=J E9:?8 x 962C5 4@>:?8 FA H2D E96 p>6C:42? 5C62>] *@F 4@F=5 >2<6 :E[ :7 J@F AF== J@FCD6=7 FA 3J E96 3@@EDEC2AD] x 962C5 E92E >J 6?E:C6 =:76 – F?E:= H6 DE2CE65 36:?8 DF446DD7F=] %96? :E H2D =:<6i *@F’C6 D6==:?8 @FE 3642FD6 J@F’C6 >2<:?8 >@?6J]”k^Amk^3=@4<BF@E6m
kAmw6 E96? H6?E @? E@ :?D:DE E92E 36:?8 92?5D@>6=J A2:5 :D ?@E D@>6 D@CE @7 36EC2J2= E@ 9:A\9@A[ 2CE @C 9:D 4@>>F?:EJ]k^Am
k3=@4<BF@E6mkAm“x >2<6 2CE 7:CDE 2?5 E96? x >2<6 DFC6 E92E x’> 4@>A6?D2E65 7@C >J 2CE] … %92E ,42A:E2=:DE. DECF4EFC6 6I:DEDj x ;FDE D66 E96 H@C=5 7@C H92E :E :D[ ?@E 7@C H92E x H2?E :E E@ 36] x’> 2 C62=:DE]”k^Amk^3=@4<BF@E6m
kAm%@ >6[ y2J\+ 46CE2:?=J D@F?565 A6CDF2D:G6] w6 2=D@ D@F?565 5676?D:G6] x E9:?< E92E’D 3642FD6 9:A\9@A 92D =@?8 366? 92F?E65 3J E96 :562 E92E H62=E9 4@>AC@>:D6D 4C65:3:=:EJ[ 6G6? 2D E96 EC24<D 92G6 2=H2JD 4@?E2:?65 2DA:C2E:@?2= E96>6D @7 =FIFCJ 2?5 6?EC6AC6?6FCD9:A]k^Am
k9ams@?’E 92E6 E96 A=2J6C[ 92E6 E96 82>6k^9am
kAmu@C >J 86?6C2E:@?[ y2J\+ D@=5 2DA:C2E:@? :? 255:E:@? E@ 2=3F>D]k^Am
kAmx H@C6 #@42H62C 56?:> DF:ED :? 9:89 D49@@= H:E9 2 <:?5 @7 4@?G:4E:@? E92E ?@H 766=D 2=>@DE 7F??J E@ 25>:E] x? 4@==686[ 5C:?<:?8 q6=G656C6 G@5<2[ H9:49 2AA62C65 :? >2?J 2 y2J\+ EC24< :? E96 62C=J a___D[ 76=E =:<6 2 C:E6 @7 A2DD286]k^Am
kAm%92E’D 3642FD6 y2J >256 =FIFCJ D66> FC32?6[ D@A9:DE:42E65 2?5 5:DE:?4E=J q=24<] tG6? =2E6C :? =:76[ H96? x’5 D>@<6 r@9:32 4:82CD[ 5C:?< s’&$$É @C C625 23@FE 2CE 4@==64E:?8[ x 76=E =:<6 x H2D =:G:?8 :?D:56 2 D4C:AE 96 925 96=A65 HC:E6]k^Am
kAm{@@<:?8 324<[ x 42? D66 E92E >F49 @7 >J 25>:C2E:@? 7@C 9:> H2D 4=@2<65 :? >2E6C:2=:D>] }@H[ x E9:?< 23@FE E96 H@C< @7 A@=:E:42= D4:6?E:DE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A=FE@3@@<D]4@>^AC@5F4E^465C:4\;\C@3:?D@?^Qmr65C:4 #@3:?D@?k^2m[ H9@ HC@E6 6IE6?D:G6=J 23@FE H92E 96 42==65 “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^92CG2C5=2HC6G:6H]@C8^AC:?E^G@=\`ae^C24:2=\42A:E2=:D>^QmC24:2= 42A:E2=:D>k^2m]”k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3@DE@?C6G:6H]?6E^2CE:4=6D^C@3:?\5\8\<6==6J\:?EC@5F4E:@?\C246\42A:E2=:D>\;FDE:46^Qmw6 2C8F65 E92E 42A:E2=:D>k^2m 92D 2=H2JD 366? DECF4EFC65 E9C@F89 C246] xE 5@6D ?@E >6C6=J E@=6C2E6 C24:2= 9:6C2C49Jj :E 56A6?5D @? :E] %92E >62?D q=24< H62=E9 – 6G6? DA64E24F=2C q=24< H62=E9 – 5@6D ?@E 2FE@>2E:42==J 6BF2= q=24< =:36C2E:@?] ~?6 q=24< 3:==:@?2:C6 42? 36 96=5 FA 2D 6G:56?46 @7 AC@8C6DD[ H9:=6 E96 3C@256C DJDE6> E92E 4@?E:?F6D E@ AC@5F46 q=24< :?6BF2=:EJ C6>2:?D :?E24E]k^Am
kAmx? @E96C H@C5D[ :7 y2J\+’D 2D46?E 364@>6D D9@CE92?5 7@C q=24< AC@8C6DD[ E96? E96 4C:E:BF6 @7 E96 DJDE6> E92E 4@?E:?F6D E@ @AAC6DD E9@D6 2E E96 >2C8:?D DE2CED E@ 7256] %96 4F=EFC6 368:?D E@ 4@?7FD6 6I46AE:@?2= >@3:=:EJ H:E9 4@==64E:G6 7C665@>]k^Am
kAmpE E96 D2>6 E:>6[ x 5@?’E E9:?< y2J\+ 42? 36 D:>A=J F?56CDE@@5 2D 2 D6==@FE] r@>>F?:42E:@? D49@=2C p]y] tD4@776CJ 92D HC:EE6? 2 =@E 23@FE H92E 96 42==D “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6A2C2E:G6]>65:2^3@@<QmC6A2C2E:G6 >65:2k^2m]” tDD6?E:2==J[ 96 42==D 7@C >65:2 :?DE:EFE:@?D E@ 5@ >@C6 E92? @776C E@<6?D @7 C6AC6D6?E2E:@? E@ >2C8:?2=:K65 4@>>F?:E:6D] |65:2 4@>A2?:6D ?665 E@ 36 3F:=E @C @H?65 3J E9@D6 4@>>F?:E:6D]k^Am
kAmy2J\+’D 5676?56CD H:== D@>6E:>6D 56D4C:36 9:> 2=@?8 E96D6 =:?6D – k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]C@==:?8DE@?6]4@>^>FD:4^>FD:4\762EFC6D^;2J\K\3@@<\4C:>:?2=\;FDE:46\C67@C>\`abd`g`dd`^Qm2D 2 #@3:? w@@5\=:<6 7:8FC6k^2m H9@ 92D E2<6? 42A:E2= 7C@> 9:DE@C:42==J H9:E6\@H?65 :?DE:EFE:@?D 2?5 C65:C64E65 D@>6 @7 :E E@H2C5 q=24< 4@>>F?:E:6D @C q=24< 6?EC6AC6?6FCD] tG6? :7 E9@D6 86DEFC6D C6>2:?[ 2E 962CE[ 42A:E2=:DE – k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4@>A=6I]4@>^>FD:4^2^4>A=IE2C2\>29256G2?^;2J\K\2??@F?46D\42??23:D\3C2?5\>@?@8C2>Qm=:<6 9:D :?G6DE>6?ED :? 42??23:D 3C2?5Dk^2m – 96’== @7E6? FD6 9:D A@D:E:@?:?8 2?5 4=@FE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]HD;]4@>^3FD:?6DD^6?EC6AC6?6FCD9:A^;2J\K\;@:?D\AFD9\E@\3@@DE\>:?@C:EJ\@H?65\42??23:D\3FD:?6DD6D\``e```ebdhdQmE@ 7F?5 >:?@C:EJ\@H?65 3FD:?6DD6Dk^2m]k^Am
kAmx? E96 v" :?E6CG:6H[ E96 C2AA6C D66>65 E@ 24<?@H=6586 E96 4@>AC@>:D6D 96 76=E 4@>A6==65 E@ >2<6[ 2?5 96 DA@<6 @7 E96 =:>:ED q=24< 2CE:DED 7246 :? :?5FDEC:6D E96J 5@ ?@E @H?ik^Am
k3=@4<BF@E6mkAm“,%96C6’D. ?@H96C6 J@F’C6 8@:?8 E@ 8@ E92E q=24< A6@A=6 4@?EC@= 5:DEC:3FE:@? 2?5 4@?EC@= >65:2] pE D@>6 A@:?E J@F’C6 8@:?8 E@ 92G6 E@ A2CE?6C H:E9 D@>63@5J]”k^Amk^3=@4<BF@E6m
kAmx? E92E[ y2J\+ 9:89=:89ED H92E 9:A\9@A 4@?E:?F6D E@ 8C2AA=6 H:E9] %96 86?C6 ?@ =@?86C 92D E@ AC@G6 :E 36=@?8D :? E96 >2:?DEC62>] qFE :E 92D E@ 7:8FC6 @FE H92E :E >62?D E@ DFCG:G6 H:E9@FE 36:?8 7F==J 23D@C365 3J :E]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ag_ddeQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^;232C:\>\6G2?D\`afgdgbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ag_ddeQmy232C: |] tG2?Dk^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\D@FE9\42C@=:?2\`fddnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ag_ddeQm&?:G6CD:EJ @7 $@FE9 r2C@=:?2k^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^C2A\>FD:4D\A2E9\7C@>\A2C:29\E@\AF=:EK6C\hdagbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ag_ddeQm#2A >FD:4’D A2E9 7C@> A2C:29 E@ !F=:EK6Ck^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^D6==@FE\9@H\A@=:E:42=\4@CCFAE:@?\D92A65\2?\2>6C:42?\:?DF=E\aa_da_nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ag_ddeQm$6==@FEP w@H A@=:E:42= 4@CCFAE:@? D92A65 2? p>6C:42? :?DF=Ek^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^325\3F??J\D2JD\C68826E@?\:D\AF6CE@\C:42?\3FE\:E\H2D\3@C?\:?\A2?2>2\afebcfnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ag_ddeQmq25 qF??J D2JD C68826E@? :D !F6CE@ #:42?[ 3FE :E H2D 3@C? :? !2?2>2k^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?my232C: |] tG2?D 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^ag_dde^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am

