As the 250th anniversary of American independence approaches, many people in the U.S. are deeply concerned about the country’s future.
A recent poll by Elon University found that 69% of respondents “believe the signers of the Declaration of Independence would feel more disappointment than pride about modern American democracy.” Confidence in public institutions is historically low, and the most recent Harvard Youth Poll indicates that just a quarter of 18- to 29-year-olds “feel hopeful about the future of America.”
kAm|2?J 2C6 2=D@ 27C2:5] u@C E96 `_E9 4@?D64FE:G6 J62C[ p>6C:42?D C6A@CE65 4@CCFAE 8@G6C?>6?E @77:4:2=D E@ 36 E96:C D:?8=6 8C62E6DE 762C[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HD]492A>2?]65F^a_ad^`_^a`^H92E\2>6C:42?D\762C\>@DE\:?\a_ad\492A>2?\F?:G6CD:EJD\2??F2=\DFCG6J\C6G62=D\E@A\762CD\2?5\E96\ADJ49@=@8J\369:?5\E96>^Qmr92A>2? &?:G6CD:EJ $FCG6J @7 p>6C:42? u62CDk^2m[ C2?<:?8 23@G6 7:?2?4:2= 4@==2AD6 @C 2 =@G65 @?6 364@>:?8 D6C:@FD=J :==]k^Am
kAm“p>6C:42?D 92G6 4@>6 E@ D66 E9C62ED 2D ?@E ;FDE E96 A@DD:3:=:EJ @7 2EE24< 3J 2 7@C6:8? 25G6CD2CJ] %96 A@E6?E:2= 7@C A@=:E:42= G:@=6?46 2E 9@>6 :D A2CE @7 :E[ 2=@?8 H:E9 A@=2C:K2E:@?[ 4@CCFAE:@? 2?5 2 D6?D6 @7 4F=EFC2= 5JD7F?4E:@?[” A@==DE6C zC:DE6? $@=E:D p?56CD@? HC@E6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_ad^_h^ad^@A:?:@?^E9C62ED\5@>6DE:4\A@==D]9E>=Qm:? %96 }6H *@C< %:>6Dk^2m] “p>6C:42?D :?4C62D:?8=J G:6H E96 DFCG:G2= @7 E96 4@F?ECJ 2D 36:?8 2E DE2<6]”k^Am
kAmw@H 2C6 A6@A=6 :? E96 &]$] E@ >2<6 D6?D6 @7 E96D6 EC6?5Dn pD p>6C:42?D 46=63C2E6 E96 4@F?ECJ’D ad_E9 2??:G6CD2CJ[ 9@H 72:E97F= :D E96 &]$] E@52J E@ :ED 7@F?5:?8 AC:?4:A=6Dn k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^F>2:?6]65F^5:C64E@CJ^F>D05:C64E@CJ^C@36CE\2\32==:?82==^Qmx’> 2 A@=:E:42= A9:=@D@A9J D49@=2Ck^2m H9@ DEF5:6D 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= 8@G6C?>6?E] x? >J G:6H[ 2? 6DA64:2==J 96=A7F= 2AAC@249 E@ 2?DH6C:?8 DF49 BF6DE:@?D :D E@ C6G:D:E E96 E@H6C:?8 3FE ?68=64E65 :?7=F6?46 @7 E96 uC6?49 A9:=@D@A96C |@?E6DBF:6F @? E96 7@F?5:?8 @7 E9:D 4@F?ECJ]k^Am
k9am|@?E6DBF:6F 2?5 E96 p>6C:42? 7@F?5:?8k^9am
kAmr92C=6D {@F:D 56 $64@?52E[ 32C@? 56 |@?E6DBF:6F[ H2D 2? `gE9\46?EFCJ A9:=@D@A96C 2?5 2C:DE@4C2E H9@D6 3@@< “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@==]=:36CEJ7F?5]@C8^E:E=6D^>@?E6DBF:6F\4@>A=6E6\H@C<D\G@=\`\E96\DA:C:E\@7\=2HDQm%96 $A:C:E @7 E96 {2HDk^2m” 42FD65 2 D6?D2E:@? H96? AF3=:D965 :? `fcg] w:D :562D D92A65 E96 p>6C:42? 7@F?56CD] pE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^=2H=:36CEJ]@C8^3@@<\C6G:6H^9@H\E96\7@F?56CD\C625\>@?E6DBF:6F^QmE96 r@?DE:EFE:@?2= r@?G6?E:@?k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]ab_f^`he`adfQm@?=J E96 q:3=6 H2D BF@E65 >@C6 @7E6?k^2m]k^Am
kAm~? E96 D6A2C2E:@? @7 A@H6CD[ |@?E6DBF:6F H2D[ :? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2G2=@?]=2H]J2=6]65F^`gE9046?EFCJ^765cf]2DAQmy2>6D |25:D@?’D H@C5Dk^2m[ “E96 @C24=6 H9@ :D 2=H2JD 4@?DF=E65 2?5 4:E65]” ~7 2== 2FE9@CD 4:E65 :? A@=:E:42= HC:E:?8D AF3=:D965 3J p>6C:42?D 36EH66? `fe_ 2?5 `g_d[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]ab_f^`he`adfQm?@?6 H2D >@C6 7C6BF6?E=J >6?E:@?65k^2m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]8@@8=6]4@>^3@@<D^65:E:@?^}@GFD0~C5@0$64=@CF>^y">Etppp"qpyn9=l6?U2>Aj83AGl_Qmw6 =@@>65 D@ =2C86k^2m E92E “p>6C:42? C6AF3=:42? :56@=@8F6D 4@F=5 C64:E6 E96 46?EC2= A@:?ED @7 |@?E6DBF:6F’D 5@4EC:?6 2D :7 :E 925 366? 2 42E649:D>[” 244@C5:?8 E@ 9:DE@C:2? u@CC6DE |4s@?2=5]k^Am
kAm|@?E6DBF:6F H2D 6DA64:2==J 46=63C2E65 7@C 9:D 244@F?E @7 9@H 2?5 H9J A@=:E:42= A@H6C ?665D E@ 36 D6A2C2E65 :?E@ 3C2?496D] qFE 369:?5 E9:D ?@H 72>:=:2C :562 H2D 2?@E96C E92E :D =6DD C6>6>36C65i |@?E6DBF:6F’D E96@CJ @7 =:36CEJ :?DA:C65 E96 7@F?56CD’ @H? F?56CDE2?5:?8D @7 E9:D 4@C6 4@?46AE @7 p>6C:42? A@=:E:4D]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQq=24<\2?5\H9:E6 :==FDEC2E:@? @7 E96 uC6?49 A9:=@D@A96C |@?E6DBF:6FQ DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fcd`h`^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_eb_\df\`hC73e];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m%96 A9:=@D@A96C |@?E6DBF:6F[ 56A:4E65 96C6[ 36=:6G65 E92E =:36CEJ 56A6?5D @? >@C6 E92? H6==\56D:8?65 =2HD] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^>@?E6DBF:6F\:==FDEC2E:@?\C:5A2E9D\9:DE@CJ\@7\E96\H@C=5\?6HD\A9@E@^`b`cehbe`gn25AA@AFAlECF6Qm&?:G6CD2= w:DE@CJ pC49:G6^&?:G6CD2= x>286D vC@FA G:2 v6EEJk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9amp E96@CJ @7 =:36CEJk^9am
kAmx? “%96 $A:C:E @7 E96 {2HD[” k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@==]=:36CEJ7F?5]@C8^E:E=6D^>@?E6DBF:6F\4@>A=6E6\H@C<D\G@=\`\E96\DA:C:E\@7\=2HDR=7_`f`\_`0=236=0fhfQm|@?E6DBF:6F 56D4C:36Dk^2m A@=:E:42= =:36CEJ 2D 2 “EC2?BF:=:EJ @7 >:?5 2C:D:?8 7C@> E96 @A:?:@? 6249 A6CD@? 92D @7 9:D D276EJ]” %@ 36 7C66 :D E@ 36=:6G6 E92E @?6 :D D64FC6] qFE E@ 36=:6G6 2D >F49[ “:E :D C6BF:D:E6 E96 8@G6C?>6?E 36 D@ 4@?DE:EFE65 2D @?6 >2? ?665 ?@E 36 27C2:5 @7 2?@E96C]”k^Am
kAm{:36CEJ 42??@E 36 2 >2EE6C @7 “5@:?8 H92E @?6 H2?ED[” k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@==]=:36CEJ7F?5]@C8^E:E=6D^>@?E6DBF:6F\4@>A=6E6\H@C<D\G@=\`\E96\DA:C:E\@7\=2HDR=7_`f`\_`0=236=0fhaQm|@?E6DBF:6F H2C?Dk^2m] (92E :7 H92E @?6 A6CD@? H2?ED E9C62E6?D @E96CDn %96? @?6 A6CD@?’D 7C665@> E@ 24E =:>:ED 6G6CJ@?6 6=D6’D] }@ @?6 42? 766= D64FC6 F?=6DD 6G6CJ@?6 =:G6D F?56C =2HD E92E C68F=2E6 H92E 6249 >2J 5@] |@?E6DBF:6F F?56CDE@@5 =:36CEJ :? E6C>D @7 E9:D 4@?7:56?46 @C “EC2?BF:=:EJ” 3642FD6 :E 2>@F?ED E@ 36:?8 7C66 7C@> E96 2C3:EC2CJ H:== @7 @E96CD]k^Am
kAm(96? |@?E6DBF:6F DEC6DD6D 7C665@> 7C@> 762C @7 @E96C 4:E:K6?D[ 96 5@6D?’E ;FDE >62? AC:G2E6 :?5:G:5F2=D] w6 6DA64:2==J >62?D E9@D6 24E:?8 :? 2 AF3=:4 42A24:EJ[ =:<6 “>28:DEC2E6D” @C “CF=6CD]” x7 AF3=:4 @77:4:2=D’ 3692G:@C 5@6D?’E 4@?7@C> E@ AC65:4E23=6 ?@C>D D6E 3J =2H[ :7 286?ED @7 E96 8@G6C?>6?E 42? DF>>2C:=J 2CC6DE A6@A=6[ D6:K6 E96:C AC@A6CEJ @C C6G@<6 E96:C 4:E:K6?D9:A – D2J[ 3J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^;FDE:46\56A2CE>6?ED\677@CE\E@\DEC:A\4:E:K6?D9:A\7C@>\?2EFC2=:K65\2>6C:42?D\4@F=5\7246\H:56DAC625\;F5:4:2=\AFD9324<\ag`c`bQm56?2EFC2=:K:?8 2?5 56A@CE:?8k^2m E96> H:E9@FE 5F6 AC@46DD – :E 364@>6D :>A@DD:3=6 E@ 766= D64FC6]k^Am
kAmtG6? :7 DF49 24E:@?D 2C6?’E 5:C64E65 282:?DE >6 @C E9@D6 =:<6 >6[ DF49 =2H=6DD?6DD :D DE:== E9C62E6?:?8 3642FD6 :E’D F?AC65:4E23=6] x >:89E DFAA@CE E96 8@G6C?>6?E’D >@G6D 282:?DE @E96C 8C@FAD :? E96 >@>6?E[ 3FE H92E’D E@ DE@A E96 8@G6C?>6?E 7C@> DF556?=J EFC?:?8 @? >6 H96? E96 A@=:E:42= H:?5D 492?86nk^Am
kAm%@ AC6G6?E AF3=:4 @77:4:2=D 7C@> D:>A=J 5@:?8 H92E E96J H2?E[ |@?E6DBF:6F 72>@FD=J 42==65 7@C E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@==]=:36CEJ7F?5]@C8^E:E=6D^>@?E6DBF:6F\4@>A=6E6\H@C<D\G@=\`\E96\DA:C:E\@7\=2HDR=7_`f`\_`0=236=0fhfQmD6A2C2E:@? @7 A@=:E:42= A@H6Ck^2m :?E@ 3C2?496D 962565 3J 5:776C6?E 4:E:K6?D]k^Am
kAmqFE[ 96 6IA=2:?D[ :E :D ?@E 6?@F89 E92E A6@A=6 =:G6 F?56C 7C66 :?DE:EFE:@?D] %96J >FDE 2=D@ 36=:6G6 E9@D6 :?DE:EFE:@?D E@ 36 :? E96 D6CG:46 @7 E96:C 7C665@>] {:36CEJ[ E96?[ :D 2D >F49 2 >2EE6C @7 @A:?:@? 2D @7 724E]k^Am
k9am%96 EJC2??J @7 @A:?:@?k^9am
kAm|@?E6DBF:6F D9@HD :? “%96 $A:C:E @7 E96 {2HD” 9@H E96 7F?52>6?E2= =2HD @7 2 4@F?ECJ 42? A6C>:E 2 7C66 H2J @7 =:76 6G6? 2D E96 4@F?ECJ’D 4F=EFC2= ?@C>D AC6G6?E :E] p 4@F?ECJ >:89E 92G6 2 7C66 4@?DE:EFE:@? H9:=6 :ED 4:E:K6?D 36=:6G6 E96J 9@=5 >@C2= @3=:82E:@?D :?4@?D:DE6?E H:E9 :E]k^Am
kAmu@C 6I2>A=6[ E@52J[ p>6C:42?D >:89E 36=:6G6 E92E E96 56>2?5D @7 C24:2= 6BF:EJ @C @7 6G2?86=:42= r9C:DE:2?:EJ 2C6 D@ AC6DD:?8 E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^DFAC6>6\4@FCE\CF=:?8\:?\ECF>A\G\D=2F89E6C\EFC3@492C86D\AC6D:56?E:2=\A@H6C\agecefQm6I64FE:G6 A@H6C H@F=5 36 ;FDE:7:65k^2m :? :8?@C:?8 E96 =68:D=2EFC6 @C E96 ;F5:4:2CJ E@ D6CG6 E96>]k^Am
kAm“x? E96D6 :?DE2?46D[” k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@==]=:36CEJ7F?5]@C8^E:E=6D^>@?E6DBF:6F\4@>A=6E6\H@C<D\G@=\`\E96\DA:C:E\@7\=2HDR=7_`f`\_`0=236=0ggfQm|@?E6DBF:6F HC:E6Dk^2m[ “E96 r@?DE:EFE:@? H:== 36 7C66 3J C:89E 2?5 ?@E :? 724E]” %96 A6@A=6 – @C D@>6 @7 E96> – H:== 6IA6C:6?46 E96 =2H 2D 2 9:?5C2?46 E@ H92E E96J 36=:6G6 E96J @F89E @C @F89E ?@E E@ 5@]k^Am
kAmx? DF49 42D6D[ E96C6 2C:D6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@==]=:36CEJ7F?5]@C8^E:E=6D^>@?E6DBF:6F\4@>A=6E6\H@C<D\G@=\`\E96\DA:C:E\@7\=2HDR=7_`f`\_`0=236=0`badQmH92E |@?E6DBF:6F 42==Dk^2m 2 EJC2??J “@7 @A:?:@?]” %96 =2HD E92E H@F=5 @E96CH:D6 7C66 A6@A=6 7C@> 762C @7 @?6 2?@E96C 2?5 @7 E96 8@G6C?>6?E :?DE625 :?DA:C6 2 762C 2== E96:C @H?] %96 =2HD >:89E AC6G6?E H92E D@>6 A6@A=6 36=:6G6 :D >@C2==J C:89E[ @C 4@>>2?5 – :? E96 ?2>6 @7 AC@E64E:?8 @E96CD’ C:89ED @C E96 4@>>@? 8@@5 – H92E @E96CD C682C5 2D F?;FDE @C F?9@=J]k^Am
kAm%92E >:D2=:8?>6?E 36EH66? 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= =2H 2?5 4F=EFC2= ?@C>D >2<6D A6@A=6 766= :?D64FC6] xE >2<6D E96 r@?DE:EFE:@? D66> @AA@D65 E@ E96:C H:== 2?5 D6?D6 @7 5FEJ] xE 42? E96? D66> 2AA62=:?8 7@C 2 =6256C E@ AC@>:D6[ :? E96 ?2>6 @7 7C665@>[ E@ :8?@C6 E96 =2H]k^Am
k9amp 3C24:?8 C6>:?56Ck^9am
kAmx? C646?E J62CD[ 7:8FC6D 24C@DD E96 A@=:E:42= DA64ECF> 92G6 42==65 7@C C25:42= 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= 492?86 – @C 7@C :8?@C:?8 E96 r@?DE:EFE:@? @FEC:89E] %96C6 2C6 42==D ?@E @?=J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_`h^_h^`f^@A:?:@?^<2G2?2F89\ECF>A\A24<:?8\4@FCE]9E>=QmE@ A24< E96 $FAC6>6 r@FCEk^2m @C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]J@FEF36]4@>^H2E49nGl!|B`+t4JKE*QmE@ :8?@C6 :ED 564:D:@?Dk^2m[ 3FE 2=D@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A6?8F:?C2?5@>9@FD6]4@>^3@@<D^f_cege^E96\C:89E\@7\E96\A6@A=6\3J\@D:E2\?H2?6GF^QmE@ 23@=:D9 E96 $6?2E6 2?5 E96 t=64E@C2= r@==686k^2m]k^Am
kAmuC@> |@?E6DBF:6F’D A6CDA64E:G6[ A@=2C:K2E:@? H@CD6?D E9:D 2AA6E:E6 7@C 5:DC682C5:?8 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= ?@C>D] t249 A2CEJ 492>A:@?D 2 4F=EFC2= 286?52 7C@> H9:49 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`f^$___f`abc`f___dh)QmDFAA@CE6CD @7 E96 @E96C A2CEJ C64@:=k^2m] (96?6G6C 6:E96C A2CEJ :D :? @77:46[ 6G6? H96? :E C6DA64ED 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= =2H[ :ED CF=6 42? 766= E@ E96 @E96C D:56 >F49 =:<6 E96 EJC2??J @7 @A:?:@? |@?E6DBF:6F 56D4C:36D] %96 @E96C D:56’D A@=:4:6D 42? D66> E@ G:@=2E6 566A=J 96=5 G2=F6D[ H96E96C :E’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H9:E69@FD6]8@G^AC6D:56?E:2=\24E:@?D^a_ad^_a^<66A:?8\>6?\@FE\@7\H@>6?D\DA@CED^Qm32??:?8 EC2?D86?56C 8:C=Dk^2m 7C@> 4@>A6E:?8 :? 8:C=D DA@CED @C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_ad^`a^_f^FD^A@=:E:4D^3:56?\:>>:8C2E:@?\ECF>A]9E>=Qm564=:?:?8 E@ 56A@CEk^2m :>>:8C2?ED C6D:5:?8 :? E96 &]$] :==682==J]k^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ |@?E6DBF:6F[ =:36CEJ 56A6?5D @? E96 <:?5 @7 4:G:4 4F=EFC6 E96 &]$] D66>D 2E C:D< @7 =@D:?8] }@ :?DE:EFE:@?D[ 9@H6G6C H6== 56D:8?65[ 42? AC6D6CG6 =:36CEJ :7 4:E:K6?D 36=:6G6 E96:C AC676CC65 4F=EFC2= ?@C>D 2C6 D@ @3=:82E@CJ E92E A@=:E:42= A@H6C :D ?66565 E@ 6?7@C46 E96>[ @AA@D:E:@? 36 52>?65]k^Am
kAmp 4F=EFC6 >@C6 E@=6C2?E @7 >@C2= 5:D28C66>6?ED 2?5 =6DD BF:4< E@ C6249 7@C A@=:E:42= A@H6C E@ 7@C46 @E96CD E@ 2446AE H92E E96J 7:?5 >@C2==J HC@?8 H@F=5 96=A 62D6 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E962E=2?E:4]4@>^:562D^2C49:G6^a_a_^`_^4@==2AD:?8\=6G6=D\ECFDE\2C6\56G2DE2E:?8\2>6C:42^e`edg`^Qm5:DECFDE >2?J p>6C:42?D 766=k^2m E@H2C5 E96 8@G6C?>6?E 2?5 @?6 2?@E96C] &?E:= E96?[ p>6C:42?D H:== 4@?E:?F6 5C:7E:?8 2H2J 7C@> E96 =:36CEJ E92E E96 &]$] H2D 7@F?565 E@ D64FC6]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_eeQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^C@36CE\2\32==:?82==\aeheaganFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_eeQm#@36CE p] q2==:?82==k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\>2:?6\a`a_nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_eeQm&?:G6CD:EJ @7 |2:?6k^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?8C6DD\3682?\=@D:?8\A@H6C\564256D\28@\2?5\?@H\:ED\8:G:?8\2H2J\H92E\C6>2:?D\E@\ECF>A\adchgcnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_eeQmr@?8C6DD 3682? =@D:?8 A@H6C 564256D 28@ − 2?5 ?@H :E’D 8:G:?8 2H2J H92E C6>2:?D E@ %CF>Ak^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^2\56>@4C24J\@C\2\C6AF3=:4\9:DE@CJ\D9@HD\E92E\D@>6\2>6C:42?D\2C6\2D<:?8\E96\HC@?8\BF6DE:@?\afcfhgnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_eeQmp 56>@4C24J @C 2 C6AF3=:4n w:DE@CJ D9@HD E92E D@>6 p>6C:42?D 2C6 2D<:?8 E96 HC@?8 BF6DE:@?k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^2D\2>6C:42\2AAC@2496D\:ED\ad_E9\2??:G6CD2CJ\E96\7656C2=:DE\C6>2:?D\2?\:?5:DA6?D23=6\8F:56\E@\F?56CDE2?5:?8\E96\4@?DE:EFE:@?2=\DJDE6>\2?5\E96\?2E:@?D\6?5FC:?8\:?56A6?56?46\agaa_`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_eeQmpD p>6C:42 2AAC@2496D :ED ad_E9 2??:G6CD2CJ[ %96 u656C2=:DE C6>2:?D 2? :?5:DA6?D23=6 8F:56 E@ F?56CDE2?5:?8 E96 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= DJDE6> 2?5 E96 ?2E:@?’D 6?5FC:?8 :?56A6?56?46k^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m#@36CE p] q2==:?82== 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^agc_ee^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
