France has released a detailed "roadmap" to wean the country from planet-heating oil, gas and coal by 2050, an important signal at a moment when nations are reassessing their reliance on fossil fuels.
The plan, presented at a global climate conference, does not unveil any new pledges but brings existing climate and energy policies and targets under one umbrella with an explicit goal.
kAmp?2=JDED D2J ?@ @E96C 4@F?ECJ 92D AF3=:D965 DF49 2 4=62C 2?5 4@>AC696?D:G6 A=2?]Â k^Am
kAmw6C6 2C6 56E2:=D @7 E96 `c\A286 C@25>2A E92E tFC@A6VD D64@?5 3:886DE 64@?@>J AC6D6?E65 %F6D52J 2E E96 7:CDE\6G6C E2=<D @? 9@H E@ EC2?D:E:@? 2H2J 7C@> 7@DD:= 7F6=D :? $2?E2 |2CE2[ r@=@>3:2ik^Am
k9am\ u@DD:= 7F6= 4@?DF>AE:@? \k^9am
kAmu@DD:= 7F6=D 244@F?E65 7@C =6DD E92? e_ A6C46?E @7 uC2?46VD 7:?2= 6?6C8J 4@?DF>AE:@? :? a_ab[ 4@>A2C65 E@ ed A6C46?E :? a_``]k^Am
kAmu:?2= 4@?DF>AE:@? C676CD E@ 6?6C8J 4@?DF>65 3J 6?5\FD6CD DF49 2D 9@FD69@=5D[ :?5FDECJ 2?5 28C:4F=EFC6[ 6I4=F5:?8 6?6C8J FD65 :? A@H6C 86?6C2E:@? 2?5 5:DEC:3FE:@?]k^Am
kAm%96 uC6?49 C@25>2A D6ED 2 8@2= @7 C65F4:?8 E96 D92C6 @7 7@DD:= 7F6=D :? 7:?2= 6?6C8J 4@?DF>AE:@? E@ c_ A6C46?E 3J a_b_ 2?5 b_ A6C46?E :? a_bd]k^Am
kAm%96 2:> :D E@ C6249 42C3@? ?6FEC2=:EJ 3J a_d_]k^Am
k9am\ !92D6@FE 52E6D \k^9am
kAm%96 4@F?ECJ A=2?D E@ 4=@D6 :ED =2DE EH@ 4@2=\7:C65 A@H6C A=2?ED 3J a_af]k^Am
kAmxE D66<D E@ EC2?D:E:@? 2H2J 7C@> @:= 3J a_cd E9C@F89 2 Q=2C86\D42=6 6=64EC:7:42E:@?Q @7 EC2?DA@CE]k^Am
kAmuC2?46 D6E 2 a_d_ E2C86E 52E6 E@ 5:E49 7@DD:= 82D 3J 56G6=@A:?8 2=E6C?2E:G6 962E:?8 >6E9@5D[ :?4=F5:?8 962E AF>AD[ @C :>AC@G:?8 6?6C8J 677:4:6?4J :? 3F:=5:?8D]k^Am
k9am\ %C2?DA@CE \k^9am
kAmuC2?46 H2?ED EH@ @FE @7 E9C66 ?6H 42CD E@ 36 6=64EC:4 3J a_b_]k^Am
kAm%96 A=2? 2=D@ 42==D 7@C 56A=@J:?8 492C8:?8 DE2E:@?D 2?5 C@==:?8 @FE 6=64EC:4 3FD6D 2?5 =2C86 ECF4<D]k^Am
kAmuC6?49 >2?F724EFC6CD 2C6 6IA64E65 E@ AC@5F46 c__[___ 6=64EC:4 G69:4=6D 3J a_af 2?5 @?6 >:==:@? 3J a_b_]Â k^Am
kAm%96 2:> :D E@ 6?DFC6 E92E QC65F465 56A6?56?46 @? @:= 5@6D ?@E EC2?D=2E6 :?E@ ?6H 56A6?56?46 @? :>A@CE65 G69:4=6DQ[ E96 5@4F>6?E D2JD]k^Am
k9am\ qF:=5:?8D \k^9am
kAmuC2?46 :D 32??:?8 E96 :?DE2==2E:@? @7 82D 3@:=6CD :? ?6H 3F:=5:?8D 3J E96 6?5 @7 E9:D J62C]k^Am
kAmxE 2:>D E@ :?DE2== @?6 >:==:@? 962E AF>AD 2 J62C 3J a_b_]k^Am
kAm%96 8@G6C?>6?E H2?ED E@ C65F46 @:=\7:C65 3@:=6CD :? C6D:56?E:2= 3F:=5:?8D 3J e_ A6C46?E 2?5 :? ?@?\C6D:56?E:2= 3F:=5:?8D 3J gd A6C46?EÂ 3J a_b_]k^Am
kAm%96 8@2= :D E@ A92D6 @FE 7@DD:= @:= 7@C 962E:?8 3J a_bd]k^Am
k9am\ t=64EC:4:EJ \k^9am
kAm%H@\E9:C5D @7 uC2?46VD 6=64EC:4:EJ 42>6 7C@> ?F4=62C A=2?ED :? a_ad H9:=6 D@=2C[ H:?5 2?5 9J5C@A@H6C 244@F?E65 7@C 2C@F?5 2 BF2CE6C =2DE J62C[ 244@C5:?8 E@ 52E2 7C@> 6=64EC:4:EJ DJDE6> @A6C2E@C #%t]k^Am
kAmuC2?46 A=2?D E@ 3F:=5 ?6IE\86?6C2E:@? t!#a ?F4=62C C624E@CD 2?5 6IE6?5 E96 =:76DA2? @7 :ED 6I:DE:?8 7=66E @7 C624E@CD]k^Am
kAmxE 2=D@ H2?ED E@ 255 `]b 8:82H2EED @7 @?D9@C6 H:?5 A@H6C 6249 J62C 2?5 :?4C62D6 :?DE2==65 D@=2C 42A24:EJ E9C667@=5 3J a_bd]k^Am
k9am\ #624E:@?D \k^9am
kAm}v~D H6=4@>65 uC2?46VD 2??@F?46>6?E 3FE 2=D@ AFD965 E96 4@F?ECJ E@ 8@ 7FCE96C]k^Am
kAmQp7E6C EH@ J62CD @7 324<D=:5:?8 :? :ED AF3=:4 A@=:4:6D @? E96 64@=@8:42= EC2?D:E:@?[ 2?5 H:E9 6>:DD:@?D 72==:?8 2E 2 C2E6 E9C66 E:>6D D=@H6C E92? :ED @H? E2C86ED D:?46 a_ac[ uC2?46 92D E96 >6C:E @7 D6EE:?8 52E6D E@ A92D6 @FE 7@DD:= 7F6=D[Q p??6 qC:?82F=E[ AC@8C2>>6D 5:C64E@C 2E E96 r=:>2E6 p4E:@? }6EH@C<[ E@=5 pu!]k^Am
kAm{@C6=6: {:>@FD:?[ 4=:>2E6 2?5 7@DD:= 6?6C8J 42>A2:8?6C 2E vC66?A6246 uC2?46[ D2:5i Q%9:D :D 2 7:CDE DE6A[ 3FE :E C6>2:?D =2C86=J :?DF77:4:6?E 8:G6? E96 4=:>2E6 6>6C86?4J]Qk^Am
kAm2=3\=E^8Gk^Am