(AMHERST, MASS.) Each June, the nation turns its attention to the U.S. Supreme Court as it hands down some of its most consequential decisions.
Long before a landmark Supreme Court ruling dominates the headlines, it is shaped by a highly structured legal process, much of which takes place out of public view. This procedure involves strict gatekeeping rules, a series of private conferences, written briefs, oral arguments and, finally, the announcement of an opinion.
kAmpD 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D49@=2C]8@@8=6]4@>^4:E2E:@?DnFD6Clz5CcIg@ppppyU2>Aj9=l6?Qm=682= 2?5 $FAC6>6 r@FCE D49@=2Ck^2m[ x <?@H E92E F?56CDE2?5:?8 9@H E96 ?2E:@?’D 9:896DE 4@FCE 24EF2==J >2<6D A@=:4J C6BF:C6D DE6AA:?8 :?E@ E9:D 6I46AE:@?2==J C68F=2E65[ D@>6E:>6D 9:556? C@FE:?6] xE :D E9C@F89 E9:D AC@46DD E92E E96 4@FCE 6G2=F2E6D[ 2?5 6G6?EF2==J 564:56D[ :?4C62D:?8=J 9:89\DE2<6D 4F=EFC2= 2?5 A@=:E:42= 32EE=6D]k^Am
kAmw6C6’D 9@H :E 2== F?7@=5Dik^Am
k9am%96 286?52\D6EE:?8 AC@46DDk^9am
kAm%96 $FAC6>6 r@FCE :D 2 C624E:G6 :?DE:EFE:@?] %9:D >62?D E92E :E >FDE H2:E 7@C :?5:G:5F2=D[ 3FD:?6DD6D[ 8@G6C?>6?ED 2?5 E96 =:<6 E@ 3C:?8 42D6D E@ E96 4@FCE 367@C6 :E 42? :DDF6 2 CF=:?8]k^Am
kAm%96 H2J E9:D >@DE 4@>>@?=J H@C<D :D E92E E96 A2CEJ H9@ =@D6D :? 2 =@H6C 4@FCE 7:=6D 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2H]4@C?6==]65F^H6I^HC:E0@7046CE:@C2C:QmHC:E @7 46CE:@C2C:k^2m E@ E96 $FAC6>6 r@FCE] %9:D :D 2 =682= 5@4F>6?E E92E @FE=:?6D H9J E96 4@FCE D9@F=5 C6G:6H E96 42D6] %96 A2CEJ H9@ H@? :? E96 =@H6C 4@FCE 42? 7:=6 2 3C:67 :? @AA@D:E:@?[ 2C8F:?8 E92E E96 =@H6C 4@FCE >256 E96 C:89E 564:D:@? 2?5 E96C67@C6 E96 42D6 5@6D ?@E H2CC2?E $FAC6>6 r@FCE C6G:6H]k^Am
kAm$@>6E:>6D[ :?E6C6DE 8C@FAD H6:89 :? 3J 7:=:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2H]4@C?6==]65F^H6I^2>:4FD04FC:26Qm2>:4FD 4FC:26k^2m[ @C “7C:6?5 @7 E96 4@FCE” 3C:67D] p>:4FD 3C:67D 96=A D:8?2= E92E 2 42D6 92D 3C@25 ?2E:@?2= :>A@CE2?46] %96 4@FCE :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]``ce^2??FC6G\=2HD@4D4:\`_`b`f\_b`acgQm>@C6 =:<6=J E@ C6G:6H 42D6Dk^2m 244@>A2?:65 3J 2>:4FD 3C:67D]k^Am
kAmx? C646?E J62CD[ E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4@EFD3=@8]4@>^a_ae^_d^E96\D6C:@FD\564=:?6\:?\A6E:E:@?D\367@C6\E96\DFAC6>6\4@FCE^Qm9:89 4@FCE 92D C646:G65 23@FE c[___ @7 E96D6 A6E:E:@?Dk^2m A6C E6C>[ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DFAC6>64@FCE]8@G^AF3=:4:?7@^J62C\6?5^a_adJ62C\6?5C6A@CE]A57Qm:E 564:56D =6DD E92? g_ 42D6Dk^2m] %9:D >62?D E96 @55D @7 86EE:?8 E96 4@FCE E@ 962C 2?J 8:G6? 42D6 2C6 BF:E6 D>2== – 23@FE aT]k^Am
kAm%@ 92?5=6 E96 =2C86 G@=F>6 @7 A6E:E:@?D[ E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?JFAC6DD]@C8^hfg_g`cfhc_cb^D@C46C6CD\2AAC6?E:46D^Qm;FDE:46D C6=J 962G:=J @? E96:C =2H 4=6C<Dk^2m] %96D6 2C6 J@F?8 =2HJ6CD – EJA:42==J @?=J 2 76H J62CD @FE @7 =2H D49@@= – H9@ HC:E6 D9@CE >6>@D 7@C E96 ;FDE:46D C64@>>6?5:?8 E92E E96J 8C2?E @C 56?J 6249 A6E:E:@?]k^Am
kAm~? >@DE uC:52JD E9C@F89@FE E96:C E6C>[ E96 ;FDE:46D >66E E@ 5:D4FDD E96D6 A6E:E:@?D] %9:D :D 2 AC:G2E6 4@?76C6?46 H:E9 @?=J E96 ?:?6 ;FDE:46D :? 2EE6?52?46] w6C6[ E96 4@FCE 6>A=@JD 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7;4]8@G^9:DE@CJ^DA@E=:89E\;F5:4:2=\9:DE@CJ^CF=6\7@FCQmCF=6 @7 7@FCk^2mi xE E2<6D E96 G@E6D @7 7@FC @FE @7 E96 ?:?6 ;FDE:46D E@ 28C66 E@ C6G:6H 2 42D6]k^Am
kAmu@==@H:?8 E96 4@?76C6?46[ E96 4@FCE C6=62D6D :ED =:DE @7 42D6D 8C2?E65 2?5 56?:65 46CE:@C2C:[ <?@H? 2D E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DFAC6>64@FCE]8@G^@C56CD^@C56CD@7E964@FCE^adQm@C56CD @7 E96 4@FCEk^2m] u@C 42D6D 56?:65 46CE:@C2C:[ E96 =@H6C 4@FCE 564:D:@? DE2?5D] r2D6D 8C2?E65 46CE:@C2C: >@G6 @?E@ E96 >6C:ED DE286]k^Am
k9am{682= 3C:67D 2?5 @C2= 2C8F>6?EDk^9am
kAm%96 AC:>2CJ H2J E96 A2CE:6D E@ 2 42D6 ECJ E@ A6CDF256 E96 ;FDE:46D :D E9C@F89 E96:C =682= 3C:67D] %96 A6E:E:@?6C[ H9@ =@DE :? E96 =@H6C 4@FCE[ EC:6D E@ 4@?G:?46 E96 ;FDE:46D E92E E96 =@H6C 4@FCE >256 D@>6 D@CE @7 =682= 6CC@C E92E D9@F=5 36 C6G6CD65] %96 C6DA@?56?E[ E96 =@H6C 4@FCE H:??6C[ 2C8F6D E92E E96 =@H6C 4@FCE 564:D:@? H2D 4@CC64E 2?5 D9@F=5 36 277:C>65]k^Am
kAmx?E6C6DE 8C@FAD[ 3FD:?6DD6D 2?5 @E96C :?E6C6DE65 6?E:E:6D E92E 2C6?’E A2CE:6D E@ E96 42D6 42? H6:89 :? E9C@F89 2 D64@?5 EJA6 @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2H]4@C?6==]65F^H6I^2>:4FD04FC:26Qm2>:4FD 4FC:26 3C:67k^2m] %96D6 3C:67D @7E6? 9:89=:89E E96 AF3=:4 A@=:4J :>A=:42E:@?D @7 2 42D6[ 2?5 E96J AC@G:56 2 H2J 7@C E96D6 8C@FAD E@ AFCDF6 E96:C :56@=@8:42= 8@2=D]k^Am
kAmx? C646?E E6C>D[ E96C6 92D 366? 2? 2G6C286 @7 23@FE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2C?@=5A@CE6C]4@>^\^>65:2^7:=6D^A6CDA64E:G6D^AF3=:42E:@?D^a_a_^``^2>:4FD4FC:26\2E\E96\DFAC6>6\4@FCE]A57Qm`e 2>:4FD 3C:67D A6C 42D6k^2m] p?5 D@>6 42D6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4@EFD3=@8]4@>^a_a`^``^H6\C625\2==\E96\2>:4FD\3C:67D\:?\5@33D\D@\J@F\5@?E\92G6\E@^QmD66 >@C6 E92? `__ 2>:4FD 3C:67Dk^2m[ DF49 2D :? ~36C8676== G] w@586D[ E96 4@FCE’D a_`d k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]@J6K]@C8^42D6D^a_`c^`c\ddeQmD2>6\D6I >2CC:286 42D6k^2m[ H9:49 925 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^D64E:@?D^:ED2==A@=:E:4D^a_`d^_c^ag^c_aeagag_^C64@C5\?F>36C\@7\2>:4FD\3C:67D\7:=65\:?\D2>6\D6I\>2CC:286\42D6DQm`cg 3C:67Dk^2m]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQ%H@ A@=:46>6? D66? DE2?5:?8 369:?5 32CD DE2?5 :? 7C@?E @7 2 7656C2= 3F:=5:?8]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fcbegc^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_eab\gd\8@BE_H];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m!@=:46 DE2?5 H2E49 :? 7C@?E @7 E96 $FAC6>6 r@FCE 3F:=5:?8 @? yF?6 `g[ a_ae[ :? (2D9:?8E@? 367@C6 E96 4@FCE 92?565 5@H? E9C66 564:D:@?D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^A@=:46\DE2?5\H2E49\@?\E96\A=2K2\:?\7C@?E\@7\E96\F?:E65\?6HD\A9@E@^aagaa_gcdbn25AA@AFAlECF6Qmr9:A $@>@56G:==2^v6EEJ x>286Dk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmp7E6C 3C:67:?8[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DFAC6>64@FCE]8@G^@C2=02C8F>6?ED^@C2=02C8F>6?ED]2DAIQm@C2= 2C8F>6?EDk^2m E2<6 A=246] |@DE @C2= 2C8F>6?ED E2<6 2? 9@FC[ H:E9 E96 E:>6 5:G:565 6G6?=J 36EH66? E96 A6E:E:@?6C 2?5 C6DA@?56?E] sFC:?8 @C2= 2C8F>6?ED[ E96 ;FDE:46D A6AA6C E96 2EE@C?6JD H:E9 BF6DE:@?D 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_ge^ed`d``Qm7C6BF6?E=J AC6G:6Hk^2m 9@H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`f^$__aabg`e``____b)QmE96J >:89E G@E6 :? E96 42D6k^2m]k^Am
k9amr@?76C6?46 2?5 G@E6Dk^9am
kAmp 76H 52JD 27E6C @C2= 2C8F>6?ED[ E96 ;FDE:46D >66E 282:? :? 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^DFAC6>64@FCE9:DE@CJ]@C8^9@H\E96\4@FCE\H@C<D^E96\;FDE:46D\4@?76C6?46^QmAC:G2E6 4@?76C6?46k^2m E@ 5:D4FDD 42D6D 2?5 42DE AC6=:>:?2CJ G@E6D] %96 49:67 ;FDE:46 DA62<D 7:CDE[ 7@==@H65 3J E96 C6DE @7 E96 4@FCE :? @C56C @7 D6?:@C:EJ]k^Am
kAmp >2;@C:EJ 7@C>D :? E9:D 4@?76C6?46[ 2=E9@F89 E96 ;FDE:46D 2C6 7C66 E@ 492?86 E96:C G@E6D F?E:= E96 @A:?:@? :D 2??@F?465[ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]ab_f^a_gae`_Qm@442D:@?2==J 5@ D@k^2m]k^Am
kAm!6C92AD >@DE :>A@CE2?E=J[ 2 ;FDE:46 :? E96 >2;@C:EJ :D k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^DFAC6>64@FCE@A:?:@?D]HFDE=]65F^Qm2DD:8?65 E@ 5C27E E96 >2;@C:EJ @A:?:@?k^2m] x7 E96 49:67 ;FDE:46 :D :? E96 4@FCE’D >2;@C:EJ[ E96 49:67 >2<6D E96 @A:?:@? 2DD:8?>6?E] %96 49:67 ;FDE:46 42? 2DD:8? E96 @A:?:@? E@ 2?@E96C ;FDE:46 :? E96 >2;@C:EJ @C E@ 9:>D6=7] x7 E96 49:67 ;FDE:46 :D :? E96 >:?@C:EJ[ E96 >@DE D6?:@C ;FDE:46 :? E96 >2;@C:EJ >2<6D E96 @A:?:@? 2DD:8?>6?E]k^Am
kAm|2;@C:EJ @A:?:@?D EJA:42==J 8@ E9C@F89 2 D6C:6D @7 C6G:D:@?D[ 2D ;FDE:46D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_ge^eg`aacQm32C82:? 2?5 ?68@E:2E6k^2m @G6C :ED 4@?E6?E] %96J 5@ E9:D 3J AC@G:5:?8 HC:EE6? 7665324< E@ E96 >2;@C:EJ @A:?:@? 2FE9@C] x7 2 ;FDE:46 :? E96 4@FCE’D :?:E:2= >2;@C:EJ 8C@HD F?92AAJ H:E9 E96 4@?E6?E @7 E96 5C27E @A:?:@?[ E96J 42? 56764E 3J ;@:?:?8 E96 >:?@C:EJ]k^Am
kAmx? 255:E:@? E@ E96 >2;@C:EJ @A:?:@?[ ;FDE:46D >2J HC:E6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2H]4@C?6==]65F^H6I^4@?4FCC:?80@A:?:@?Qm4@?4FCC:?8k^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2H]4@C?6==]65F^H6I^5:DD6?E:?80@A:?:@?Qm5:DD6?E:?8k^2m @A:?:@?D] r@?4FCC:?8 @A:?:@?D 2C6 HC:EE6? 3J ;FDE:46D :? E96 >2;@C:EJ 2?5 2C6 @7E6? FD65 E@ 9:89=:89E 2 5:776C6?E =682= 32D:D 7@C E96 4@FCE’D 564:D:@?] s:DD6?E:?8 @A:?:@?D 2C6 HC:EE6? 3J ;FDE:46D H9@ 2C6 :? E96 >:?@C:EJ 2?5 5:D28C66 H:E9 E96 @FE4@>6 @7 E96 42D6 2?5 E96 >2;@C:EJ’D C62D@?:?8]k^Am
k9am#6=62D:?8 @A:?:@?Dk^9am
kAm%96 7:?2= DE6A :D E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DFAC6>64@FCE]8@G^@A:?:@?D^D=:A@A:?:@?^adQmAF3=:4 C6=62D6k^2m 2?5 2??@F?46>6?E @7 E96 4@FCE’D @A:?:@?D] %9:D @44FCD @? 2 C@==:?8 32D:D E9C@F89@FE E96 4@FCE’D E6C> – 7C@> ~4E@36C E@ =2E6 yF?6 @C 62C=J yF=J – 3FE E96 >@DE :>A@CE2?E 42D6D FDF2==J 4@>6 5@H? :? yF?6]k^Am
kAmsFC:?8 @A:?:@? 2??@F?46>6?E[ E96 >2;@C:EJ @A:?:@? 2FE9@C FDF2==J C625D 2 DF>>2CJ @7 E96 4@FCE’D @A:?:@?] ~? C2C6 @442D:@?D[ 5:DD6?E:?8 ;FDE:46D >2J C625 7C@> E96:C @A:?:@?D] #625:?8 2 5:DD6?E 7C@> E96 36?49 D:8?2=D E92E 2 ;FDE:46 :D A2CE:4F=2C=J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E2?57@?=:?6]4@>^5@:^23D^`_]`_g_^__hgae`)]a_`_]`_fefhdaQmF?92AAJ H:E9 E96 >2;@C:EJ’D 564:D:@?k^2m]k^Am
kAmu@C :?DE2?46[ @? yF?6 ah[ a_ab[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E964C:>D@?]4@>^2CE:4=6^a_ab^e^b_^D4@EFD\277:C>2E:G6\24E:@?\42D6\5:DD6?E^QmyFDE:46 $@?:2 $@E@>2J@C C625k^2m 7C@> 96C 7:6CJ 5:DD6?E :? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]@J6K]@C8^42D6D^a_aa^a_\``hhQm$EF56?ED 7@C u2:C p5>:DD:@?D G] w2CG2C5 r@==686k^2m] x? E92E @A:?:@?[ $@E@>2J@C 4C:E:4:K65 E96 4@FCE’D >2;@C:EJ 7@C 67764E:G6=J 6?5:?8 277:C>2E:G6 24E:@? :? 4@==686 25>:DD:@?D] p44@C5:?8 E@ $@E@>2J@C[ 277:C>2E:G6 24E:@? AC@8C2>D 2C6 4@?DE:EFE:@?2= 3642FD6 E96J 96=A E@ 249:6G6 E96 `cE9 p>6?5>6?E’D 8F2C2?E66 @7 C24:2= 6BF2=:EJ 3J >:E:82E:?8 E96 6?5FC:?8 67764ED @7 C24:2= 5:D4C:>:?2E:@?]k^Am
kAm%96 3=@4<3FDE6C CF=:?8D E92E 5@>:?2E6 E96 ?6HD 4J4=6 6249 yF?6 2C6 ?@E DF556? 7=2D96D @7 ;F5:4:2= H:==A@H6C] %96J 2C6 E96 AC@5F4E @7 2 =6?8E9J 2?5 42C67F==J DECF4EFC65 AC@46DD :? H9:49 E9@FD2?5D @7 A6E:E:@?D 2C6 D4C66?65[ =6DD E92? g_ 42D6D 2C6 2C8F65[ 2?5 5C27E @A:?:@?D 2C6 ?68@E:2E65 2?5 C67:?65 369:?5 4=@D65 5@@CD] qJ E96 E:>6 2 564:D:@? :D 2??@F?465 7C@> E96 36?49[ :E C67=64ED >@?E9D @7 =682= 2C8F>6?E[ 56=:36C2E:@? 2?5 4@>AC@>:D6]k^Am
kAm&?56CDE2?5:?8 E92E AC@46DD 96=AD 56>JDE:7J E96 4@FCE 2?5 C6G62=D 9@H ?:?6 F?6=64E65 ;FDE:46D 42? D92A6 E96 >62?:?8 @7 E96 r@?DE:EFE:@? 2?5[ :? EFC?[ :?7=F6?46 E96 6G6CJ52J =:G6D @7 >:==:@?D @7 p>6C:42?D]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agdghaQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^A2F=\>\4@==:?D\;C\ac`d_hnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agdghaQm!2F= |] r@==:?D yC]k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F>2DD\2>96CDE\`debnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agdghaQm&|2DD p>96CDEk^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^>65:42E:@?\23@CE:@?\564:D:@?D\7C@>\7656C2=\4@FCED\E96\752\@C\ECF>AD\56A2CE>6?E\@7\;FDE:46\4@F=5\ECJ\E@\6?5\2446DD\G:2\E6=6962=E9\agdddenFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agdghaQm|65:42E:@? 23@CE:@?i s64:D:@?D 7C@> 7656C2= 4@FCED[ E96 usp @C %CF>A’D s6A2CE>6?E @7 yFDE:46 4@F=5 ECJ E@ 6?5 2446DD G:2 E6=6962=E9k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^DFAC6>6\4@FCED\564:D:@?\@?\3:CE9C:89E\4:E:K6?D9:A\H:==\56A6?5\@?\:ED\:?E6CAC6E2E:@?\@7\@?6\<6J\A9C2D6\af`_ecnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agdghaQm$FAC6>6 r@FCE’D 564:D:@? @? 3:CE9C:89E 4:E:K6?D9:A H:== 56A6?5 @? :ED :?E6CAC6E2E:@? @7 @?6 <6J A9C2D6k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^DFAC6>6\4@FCED\D925@H\5@4<6E\3C:?8D\92DEJ\564:D:@?D\H:E9\=@?8\=2DE:?8\:>A=:42E:@?D\@FED:56\@7\:ED\FDF2=\42C67F=\56=:36C2E:@?\ag`a`anFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agdghaQm$FAC6>6 r@FCE’D ‘D925@H 5@4<6E’ 3C:?8D 92DEJ 564:D:@?D H:E9 =@?8‑=2DE:?8 :>A=:42E:@?D[ @FED:56 @7 :ED FDF2= 42C67F= 56=:36C2E:@?k^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m!2F= |] r@==:?D yC] 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^agdgha^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
