There’s a constant tightrope act at the center of the financial system. When loans get cheaper and easier to access, the financial system is taking on more risk somewhere.
That tradeoff is at the center of three new rules proposed by financial regulators that would let banks hold less capital to cover potential losses. The proposal is more lenient than versions floated in 2023, which would have raised capital requirements. It reflects a broader swing toward a more relaxed, industry-friendly regulatory approach that accelerated under the Trump administration in 2025.
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