Seasonal eating in America was built on real limits, and for most of the country’s history, the food calendar was simply accurate. Then refrigeration and global trade changed what was possible, and industrial food production finished the job. The habits scarcity created became far more durable than the scarcity itself, and most of what gets called a seasonal tradition today is inherited information from a supply chain that stopped existing decades ago.

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