(BOULDER, CO) In Latin America, as in other parts of the world, the second Trump administration has adopted an increasingly aggressive policy.
From drone strikes on purported drug traffickers to increased tariffs on imports, and from the blockade on fuel shipments and threats of invasion in Cuba to the Jan. 3 military incursion into Venezuela, the U.S.’s more coercive approach to its hemispheric neighbors evokes an earlier period of U.S. foreign policy.
kAm|2?J 4@>>6?E2E@CD 92G6 7@F?5 649@6D @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_ae^_`^_b^H@C=5^2>6C:42D^>25FC@\?@C:682\A2?2>2\G6?6KF6=2]9E>=QmE96 `hgh 42AEFC6 @7 !2?2>2?:2? =6256C |2?F6= }@C:682k^2m :? E96 <:5?2AA:?8 @7 '6?6KF6=2? AC6D:56?E }:4@=áD |25FC@] ~E96CD 9:89=:89E65 E96 =@?86C 9:DE@CJ @7 &]$] :?E6CG6?E:@?D :? {2E:? p>6C:42 DEC6E49:?8 324< E9C@F89 E96 r@=5 (2C] %92E :?4=F56D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?D2C49:G6]8HF]65F^3C:67:?8\3@@<^49:=6^a_aa\_h\`a^4@FA\49:=6\H92E\5:5\?:I@?\<?@H\2?5\H96?\5:5\96\<?@H\:EQmE96 }:I@? 25>:?:DEC2E:@?’D DFAA@CE 7@C E96 `hfb 4@FAk^2m 282:?DE $2=G25@C p==6?56 :? r9:=6 @C E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?D2C49:G6a]8HF]65F^}$ptqq^}$ptqqc^5@4D^5@4_d]A57Qmrxp\DA@?D@C65 C6>@G2=k^2m @7 vF2E6>2=2’D 6=64E65 AC6D:56?E[ y24@3@ pC36?K[ :? `hdc]k^Am
kAm*6E 2D 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4@=@C25@]65F^9:DE@CJ^E@?J\H@@5Qm9:DE@C:2? @7 62C=J a_E9\46?EFCJ {2E:? p>6C:42k^2m[ x 36=:6G6 E96 %CF>A 25>:?:DEC2E:@?’D 2AAC@249 E@ {2E:? p>6C:42 >@C6 4=@D6=J C6D6>3=6D 2? @=56C A2EE6C? @7 &]$] A@=:4J] q6EH66? `h__ 2?5 E96 >:5\`hb_D[ &]$] 7@C46D :?E6CG6?65 :? @?6 {2E:? p>6C:42? 4@F?ECJ 27E6C 2?@E96C] %9:D AC24E:46 H2D @7E6? ;FDE:7:65 3J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2C49:G6D]8@G^>:=6DE@?6\5@4F>6?ED^C@@D6G6=E\4@C@==2CJQmE96 #@@D6G6=E r@C@==2CJk^2m[ !C6D:56?E %96@5@C6 #@@D6G6=E’D 255:E:@? E@ E96 |@?C@6 s@4EC:?6] x? 42D6D @7 “49C@?:4 HC@?85@:?8[” #@@D6G6=E D2:5 :? `h_c[ E96 &]$ H@F=5 7:?5 :ED6=7 4@>A6==65 E@ 6I6C4:D6 2? “:?E6C?2E:@?2= A@=:46 A@H6C” :? 5676?D6 @7 &]$] :?E6C6DED]k^Am
kAmqFE 4CF4:2==J[ 9@H {2E:? p>6C:42?D C6DA@?565 E@ E96 &]$] 6I6CE:?8 :ED 5@>:?2?46 :? E96 62C=J a_E9 46?EFCJ >2J 9@=5 D@>6 =6DD@?D 7@C E96 AC6D6?E 52J] ~?6 @7 E96 >2;@C D:56 67764ED @7 E96 &]$]’D D@\42==65 8F?3@2E 5:A=@>24J H2D 2? FADFC86 @7 C6D:DE2?46 2?5 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE E9:?<:?8 :? E96 C68:@?’D A@=:E:42= =:76]k^Am
k9am%96 C@@ED @7 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:D>k^9am
kAmx? E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6G:DE2]5C4=2D]92CG2C5]65F^F?:E65\DE2E6D\:?E6CG6?E:@?D^Qmb_ J62CD 27E6Ck^2m #@@D6G6=E 2DD6CE65 E96 &]$]’D C:89E E@ :?E6CG6?6 24C@DD E96 96>:DA96C6[ &]$] 7@C46D @44FA:65 rF32 E9C66 E:>6D – :? `h_e\_h[ `h`a 2?5 `h`f\a`] %96J 2=D@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]22:9D]@C8^C67=64E:?8\@?\E96\F\D\@44FA2E:@?\@7\92:E:\2\9F?5C65\J62CD\=2E6C^Qm@44FA:65 w2:E:k^2m 7C@> `h`d E@ `hbc 2?5 E96 s@>:?:42? #6AF3=:4 7C@> `h`e E@ `hac] x? }:42C28F2[ E96 &]$] 56A=@J65 E96 |2C:?6D 7C@> `h`a E@ `had 2?5 E96? 282:? 7C@> `hae E@ `hbb[ H28:?8 2 4@F?E6C:?DFC86?4J :? H9:49 :E FD65 26C:2= 3@>32C5>6?E 7@C E96 7:CDE E:>6]k^Am
kAmp4C@DD >F49 @7 E96 C68:@?[ E96?[ E9:D H2D 2 E:>6 H96? E96 &]$] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H:=6J]4@>^6?\FD^pZ$9@CEZw:DE@CJZ@7Z&]$]Zx?E6CG6?E:@?DZ:?Z{2E:?Zp>6C:42Z2?5ZE96Zr2C:3362?\A\hfg```ghdc_`_QmH2D BF:4< E@ C6D@CE E@ 7@C46k^2m[ F?3FC56?65 3J 2?J 4@?46C?D 7@C {2E:? p>6C:42? 4@F?EC:6D’ D@G6C6:8?EJ]k^Am
kAm*6E E9:D 6C2 @7 6IE6C?2= :?E6CG6?E:@? 2=D@ 4@:?4:565 H:E9 2 A6C:@5 @7 C6>2C<23=6 A@=:E:42= 76C>6?E[ H9:49 x 56D4C:36 :? >J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]F4AC6DD]65F^3@@<D^C25:42=\D@G6C6:8?EJ^A2A6CQmC646?E=J AF3=:D965 3@@<k^2m[ “#25:42= $@G6C6:8?EJ]”k^Am
kAmx? @?6 A=246 27E6C 2?@E96C[ 7C@> qF6?@D p:C6D E@ |6I:4@ r:EJ 2?5 7C@> w2G2?2 E@ {:>2[ >@G6>6?ED DAC2?8 FA E92E AFE 7@CH2C5 D92CA 4C:E:BF6D @7 &]$ A@H6C] |2?J @7 E96> 8C6H @FE @7 DEF56?E @C82?:K2E:@?D :? E96 =2E6 `h`_D[ H9:=6 @E96CD 5C6H @? E96 C:D:?8 DEC6?8E9 @7 =23@C F?:@?D 2?5 ?6H=J 7@C>65 =67E:DE A@=:E:42= A2CE:6D]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQQ DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fahgb_^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_c`c\df\f4FJ5;];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mt>:=:2?@ +2A2E2[ 2 AC:>2CJ =6256C @7 E96 |6I:42? #6G@=FE:@?[ :D D9@H? H:E9 9:D 76==@H D@=5:6CD :? 2? F?52E65 A9@E@] w&| x>286D^&?:G6CD2= x>286D vC@FA G:2 v6EEJ x>286Dk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmx? `hab[ CFC2= H@C<6CD :? E96 |6I:42? DE2E6 @7 '6C24CFK 7@C>65 2 !62D2?E {628F6] uC@> E96 @FED6E[ E96J D2H =@42= :DDF6D 2D 4=@D6=J :?E6CH@G6? H:E9 :?E6C?2E:@?2= @?6D[ 2?5 E96J 2C8F65 E92E E96C6 H2D 2 4@>A6==:?8 C62D@? 7@C E9:D] pD E96 =628F6 AFE :E[ “~FC :?E6C?2E:@?2=:D> :D ?@E E96 49:=5 @7 2 4C2K65 6?E9FD:2D> 7@C 6>AEJ A9C2D6D … 3FE @7 E96 ?665 E@ E2<6 AC6G6?E:G6 >62DFC6D[ E@ 3@=DE6C @FCD6=G6D 282:?DE E96 6?6>J[” H9:49 E96J :56?E:7:65 2D “E96 :>A6C:2=:D> @7 }@CE9 p>6C:42]”k^Am
kAm|2?J @7 {2E:? p>6C:42’D C25:42= >@G6>6?ED 2E E9:D E:>6 H6C6 :?DA:C65 3J E96 C646?E 6I2>A=6 @7 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]9:DE@CJE@52J]4@>^2C49:G6^>6I:42?\C6G@=FE:@?Qm|6I:42? #6G@=FE:@?k^2m] %96 ?6H |6I:42? r@?DE:EFE:@? @7 `h`f 925 ?2E:@?2=:K65 E96 4@F?ECJ’D =2?5 2?5 ?2EFC2= C6D@FC46D[ AFEE:?8 :E @? 2 4@==:D:@? 4@FCD6 H:E9 &]$] 4@>A2?:6D 2?5 =2?5@H?6CD]k^Am
kAm~E96CD DE:== H6C6 6?6C8:K65 3J E96 8=@32= C6A6C4FDD:@?D @7 E96 #FDD:2? #6G@=FE:@?] %9:D[ @7 4@FCD6[ :?4=F565 D6G6C2= 3C2?5\?6H 4@>>F?:DE A2CE:6D 24C@DD E96 C68:@?] qFE 2E E96 E:>6[ >2?J @E96CD :? {2E:? p>6C:42 D2H E96 q@=D96G:<D 2D A2CE @7 2 8=@32= 2?E:\4@=@?:2= H2G6]k^Am
k9am|6I:4@ r:EJ 2D 24E:G:DE 9F3k^9am
kAm|J 3@@< 6IA=@C6D E96 <6J C@=6 |6I:4@ r:EJ A=2J65 2D 2 82E96C:?8 A@:?E 7@C E96D6 5:776C6?E A@=:E:42= E6?56?4:6D]k^Am
kAm%96J :?4=F565 8C@FAD C2?8:?8 7C@> |6I:42? A62D2?E =628F6D E@ E96 p>6C:42? !@AF=2C #6G@=FE:@?2CJ p==:2?46[ 2? 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE >@G6>6?E 7@C>65 3J !6CFG:2? 6I:=6D] |2?J @7 E96D6 @C82?:K2E:@?D 4@?G6C865 F?56C E96 F>3C6==2 @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]42>3C:586]@C8^4@C6^3@@<D^2?E:4@=@?:2=\EC2?D?2E:@?2=^:?5@2>6C:42\282:?DE\6>A:C6\C25:42=\EC2?D?2E:@?2=\A@=:E:4D\:?\>6I:4@\4:EJ\`had`hah^afrsphugufd_u_`hssbahpg`dfedh_pdQmE96 p?E:\x>A6C:2=:DE {628F6 @7 E96 p>6C:42Dk^2m] u@F?565 :? |6I:4@ r:EJ :? `had[ :E D@@? 925 492AE6CD :? 2 5@K6? >@C6 4@F?EC:6D 24C@DD E96 C68:@?]k^Am
kAmq6EH66? E96>[ E96D6 >@G6>6?ED 3C@F89E :?E@ 7@4FD E96 ?@G6= 762EFC6D @7 &]$] A@H6C] pD E96 rF32? DEF56?E =6256C 2?5 4@>>F?:DE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^;24@3:?]4@>^a_ac^`a^;F=:@\2?E@?:@\>6==2\4F32\4@>>F?:D>QmyF=:@ p?E@?:@ |6==2k^2m D2H :E :? `had – 2E 2 E:>6 H96? 9:D ?2E:G6 4@F?ECJ H2D 9:89=J 56A6?56?E @? E96 &]$] 3FE 7@C>2==J D@G6C6:8? – E96 &]$] H2D 5:DE:?4E] &?=:<6 tFC@A62? 6>A:C6D[ :E =2C86=J C67C2:?65 7C@> 5:C64E 4@?EC@= @7 E6CC:E@C:6D[ E9@F89 :E 925 AC6DD65 E96 rF32?D E@ :?4=F56 :? E96:C `h_` 4@?DE:EFE:@? 2 AC@G:D:@? 2==@H:?8 :E E@ :?E6CG6?6 :? E96 :D=2?5 2E H:==]k^Am
kAmx? |6==2’D G:6H[ E96 &]$] H2D 4=62C=J 2? 6>A:C6[ @?6 E92E >2:?=J 6I6C4:D65 :ED 5@>:?2?46 E9C@F89 4@>>6C4:2= @C 7:?2?4:2= AC6DDFC6D] u@C 9:>[ E96 5@==2C 2?5 (2== $EC66E H6C6 2D 46?EC2= E@ &]$] A@H6C 2D E96 92==D @7 8@G6C?>6?E :? (2D9:?8E@?[ s]r]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp A@CEC2:E @7 2 >2? 49:D6=65 7C@> 2 3C:4< H2==]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fahgae^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_c`c\f`\9K82H<];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mp A@CEC2:E @7 yF=:@ p?E@?:@ |6==2 :D D66? 49:D6=65 7C@> 2 3C:4< H2== :? r2>28F6J[ rF32] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^;F=:@\2?E@?:@\>6==2\A@CEC2:E\49:D6=65\7C@>\3C:4<\H2==\?6HD\A9@E@^d`eb`c`e_n25AA@AFAlECF6Qm#@36CE@ |24925@ }@2^{:89E#@4<6E G:2 v6EEJ x>286Dk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmu@C #:42C5@ !2C656D[ 2? t4F25@C62? 5@4E@C H9@ 7@F?565 E96 4@F?ECJ’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]J2492?2]@C8^62C49:G@^4@>F?:D>@^Qm$@4:2=:DE !2CEJk^2m :? `hae[ 2 ?6H E6C> H2D C6BF:C65 E@ 42AEFC6 {2E:? p>6C:42? 4@F?EC:6D’ 4@?EC25:4E@CJ A@D:E:@?] u@C>2==J D@G6C6:8?[ E96J H6C6 ?@E 4@=@?:6D 2D DF49] *6E E96J H6C6 64@?@>:42==J 2?5 A@=:E:42==J DF3@C5:?2E65 E@ (2D9:?8E@? 2?5 (2== $EC66E – “56A6?56?E 4@F?EC:6D[” 2D 96 A9C2D65 :E :? `hag]k^Am
kAmu@C E96 !6CFG:2? A@6E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH];DE@C]@C8^DE23=6^cb`ghahdQm|2852 !@CE2=k^2m[ 2 =625:?8 >6>36C @7 E96 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE p>6C:42? !@AF=2C #6G@=FE:@?2CJ p==:2?46[ &]$] 5@>:?2?46 A=2J65 @FE 5:776C6?E=J :? 5:776C6?E A2CED @7 {2E:? p>6C:42]k^Am
kAmx? 2 D6C:6D @7 =64EFC6D D96 82G6 :? !F6CE@ #:4@ 2?5 E96 s@>:?:42? #6AF3=:4 :? `hah[ !@CE2= 5:G:565 E96 C68:@? :?E@ K@?6D] (9:=6 4@F?EC:6D DF49 2D pC86?E:?2 @C qC2K:= H6C6 >2:?=J D:E6D 7@C &]$] :?G6DE>6?E[ |6I:4@ 2?5 E96 r2C:3362? H6C6 C68F=2C=J DF3;64E65 E@ &]$] >:=:E2CJ 7@C46] ~C[ 2D !@CE2= AFE :E[ “w6C6 :>A6C:2=:D> H62CD ?@ 5:D8F:D6]”k^Am
kAm!@CE2= 4@?4=F565 96C =64EFC6D H:E9 2 A9C2D6 E92E 4@>3:?65 96C 2?2=JD:D @7 &]$] 5@>:?2?46 H:E9 2 C6D@?2?E 2AA62= 7@C F?:EJi “(6 92G6 2 D:?8=6 2?5 8C62E 6?6>Jj =6E FD 7@C> 2 D:?8=6 2?5 8C62E F?:@?]”k^Am
k9am&?:E65 DE2E6D @7 C6D:DE2?46nk^9am
kAm*6E H9:=6 E96C6 H2D >F49 {2E:? p>6C:42? 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE E9:?<6CD 4@F=5 28C66 @?[ E96C6 H6C6 2=D@ AC@7@F?5 5:G6C86?46D 36EH66? E96>] %9:D :?4=F565 BF6DE:@?D @7 DEC2E68J 2D H6== 2D :DDF6D @7 AC:?4:A=6] (92E C@=6 D9@F=5 5:776C6?E 4=2DD6D A=2J :? E96:C >@G6>6?En w@H C25:42= 2 EC2?D7@C>2E:@? @7 D@4:6EJ H6C6 E96J AFD9:?8 7@Cn p?5 H92E <:?5 @7 DE2E6 D9@F=5 6>6C86 7C@> :Enk^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQ%H@ >6? =:DE6? E@ 2 DA6649 :? 2? @=5 A9@E@8C2A9]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fahggb^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_c`c\df\H@KbI:];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mrF32? !C6>:6C u:56= r2DEC@ 2?5 9:D 7@C6:8? >:?:DE6C #2F= #@2 =:DE6? E@ &]$] !C6D:56?E sH:89E t:D6?9@H6C DA62< E@ E96 &?:E65 }2E:@?D v6?6C2= pDD6>3=J @? $6AE] aa[ `he_] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HDC@@>]2A]@C8^56E2:=^u:56=r2DEC@2?5#2F=#@2^_5_54ee3_ddcc3c6h7ee__fbd43`g53e^A9@E@Qmp! !9@E@k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm~G6C E:>6[ E96D6 5:776C6?46D EFC?65 :?E@ 566A C:7ED E92E A:EE65 C6G@=FE:@?2C:6D 282:?DE 56>@4C2E:4 C67@C>:DED[ :?E6C?2E:@?2=:DED 282:?DE ?2E:@?2=:DED[ 2?5 AC@\$@G:6ED 282:?DE 2?E:\4@>>F?:DED] %96D6 5:D28C66>6?ED A=2J65 2? :>A@CE2?E C@=6 :? {2E:? p>6C:42? A@=:E:4D @G6C E96 C6DE @7 E96 46?EFCJ]k^Am
kAm(9:=6 >2?J @7 E96D6 C:7ED 3642>6 6DA64:2==J AC@>:?6?E 5FC:?8 E96 r@=5 (2C[ E96J 56G6=@A65 @FE @7 62C=:6C 5:G:D:@?D @G6C 9@H 36DE E@ 4@F?E6C &]$] 5@>:?2?46]k^Am
kAm%96 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE FADFC86 @7 E96 `ha_D 2?5 ’b_D H2D 7@C>2E:G6 7@C 2 86?6C2E:@? @7 {2E:? p>6C:42? C25:42=D] $6G6C2= @7 E9@D6 H9@ 6?E6C65 A@=:E:42= =:76 5FC:?8 E96D6 J62CD H6?E @? E@ A=2J <6J C@=6D :? >2;@C 6G6?ED @7 E96 a_E9 46?EFCJ] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^`hga^_f^_g^@3:EF2C:6D^C2F=\C@2\@7\4F32\5:6D\2E\fd\7@C6:8?\>:?:DE6C\7@C\`f\J62CD]9E>=Qm#2ú= #@2k^2m[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ H9@ D6CG65 2D 7@C6:8? D64C6E2CJ 7@C rF32’D C6G@=FE:@?2CJ 8@G6C?>6?E 7C@> `hdh E@ `hfe[ H2D 7:CDE A@=:E:4:K65 :? E96 :D=2?5’D 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE >@G6>6?E @7 E96 `ha_D]k^Am
kAm%96 >6? 2?5 H@>6? H9@D6 A@=:E:42= G:D:@?D H6C6 7@C>65 :? E96 :?E6CH2C A6C:@5 42CC:65 E9@D6 :562=D 7@CH2C5 :?E@ E96 r@=5 (2C 6C2] x? :>A@CE2?E H2JD[ E96 `ha_D 2?5 `hb_D =2:5 G:E2= 8C@F?5H@C< 7@C =2E6C 2?5 36EE6C\<?@H? C25:42= >@G6>6?ED]k^Am
kAm!2DE :D[ @7 4@FCD6[ ?@E 2=H2JD AC@=@8F6] xE :D :>A@DD:3=6 E@ AC65:4E H92E E96 =@?8\E6C> 4@?D6BF6?46D @7 4FCC6?E &]$] A@=:4J :? {2E:? p>6C:42 H:== 36[ 6DA64:2==J 8:G6? E96 C:89EH2C5 E:=E E92E :D 4FCC6?E=J F?7@=5:?8 24C@DD E96 C68:@?]k^Am
kAmqFE =@@<:?8 2E E96 C68:@?’D 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE EC25:E:@?D 5@6D A@:?E E@ @?6 A@DD:3=6 @FE4@>6i %96 &]$]’D ?6H=J 288C6DD:G6 DE2?46 H:==[ D@@?6C C2E96C E92? =2E6C[ 7F6= 2 C6DFC86?46 @7 2?E:\:>A6C:2=:DE D6?E:>6?E 2D E96 @C82?:K:?8 AC:?4:A=6 7@C 2 ?6H 86?6C2E:@? @7 24E:G:DED]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afhabgQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^E@?J\H@@5\aebbfhenFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afhabgQm%@?J (@@5k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\4@=@C25@\3@F=56C\fbbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afhabgQm&?:G6CD:EJ @7 r@=@C25@ q@F=56Ck^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^367@C6\G6?6KF6=2D\@:=\E96C6\H6C6\8F2E6>2=2D\32?2?2D\afahfbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afhabgQmq67@C6 '6?6KF6=2’D @:=[ E96C6 H6C6 vF2E6>2=2’D 32?2?2Dk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^2\AC652H?\@A\:?\=2E:?\2>6C:42\E96\FD\92D\366?\96C6\367@C6\3FE\E96\D6:KFC6\@7\G6?6KF6=2D\>25FC@\:D\DE:==\F?AC64656?E65\afaeecnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afhabgQmp AC652H? @A :? {2E:? p>6C:42n %96 &$ 92D 366? 96C6 367@C6[ 3FE E96 D6:KFC6 @7 '6?6KF6=2’D |25FC@ :D DE:== F?AC64656?E65k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^8F?3@2E\5:A=@>24J\9@H\4=2DD:4\?2G2=\4@6C4:@?\92D\6G@=G65\:?E@\9J3C:5\H2C72C6\@?\E96\H2E6C\aeefc`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\afhabgQmvF?3@2E 5:A=@>24Ji w@H 4=2DD:4 ?2G2= 4@6C4:@? 92D 6G@=G65 :?E@ 9J3C:5 H2C72C6 @? E96 H2E6Ck^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m%@?J (@@5 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^afhabg^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
