By their 30s and 40s, most women probably feel like they have a good sense of what works for their body. Stick to certain foods, workouts, and routines, and you generally know what to expect. Until one day, you don't. Seemingly out of nowhere, your period starts keeping its own schedule, sleep turns patchy, your internal thermostat goes haywire, and the mere sound of your partner's chewing has you pondering divorce. Maybe you just need a vacation. Or maybe you're in perimenopause.
kAms6A6?5:?8 @? J@FC 286[ 72>:=J 9:DE@CJ[ 2?5 @E96C 724E@CD[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:2]?:9]8@G^962=E9^>6?@A2FD6^H92E\>6?@A2FD6Qm2 4=FDE6C @7 492?86D =:<6 E96D6 >2J 36 2 D:8? E92E J@FVG6 368F? E96 >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@?k^2m[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 }2E:@?2= x?DE:EFE6 @? 5p8:?8] !6C:>6?@A2FD6—k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H9@]:?E^?6HD\C@@>^724E\D966ED^56E2:=^>6?@A2FD6QmE96 EC2?D:E:@? =625:?8 FA E@ >6?@A2FD6 2?5 6IE6?5:?8 E9C@F89 E96 7:CDE `a >@?E9D 27E6C J@FC 7:?2= A6C:@5k^2m—k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^bb_hdgfh^Qm@7E6? 368:?D :? J@FC c_Dk^2m[ E9@F89 :E 42? 368:? 62C=:6C] p?5 H9:=6 :E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?2EFC6]4@>^2CE:4=6D^Dccahc\_ad\___e`\bQm86?6C2==J =2DED 36EH66? 7:G6 2?5 E6? J62CDk^2m[ E96C6VD ?@ DE2?52C5 E:>6=:?6i xE 42? 36 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^ahhdafhf^Qm>F49 =@?86C @C >F49 D9@CE6Ck^2m[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 ;@FC?2= r=:?:42= ~3DE6EC:4D U2>Aj vJ?64@=@8J] !6C:>6?@A2FD6 F=E:>2E6=J =625D FA E@ J@FC 7:?2= >6?DECF2= A6C:@5[ H9:49 >2C<D >6?@A2FD6 2?5 :D 4@?7:C>65 C6EC@24E:G6=J 27E6C J@FVG6 8@?6 `a 4@?D64FE:G6 >@?E9D H:E9@FE 2 A6C:@5]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]24@8]@C8^H@>6?D\962=E9^72BD^E96\>6?@A2FD6\J62CDQm*@FC 3@5J F?56C8@6D D:8?:7:42?E 492?86D E9C@F89 E9:D EC2?D:E:@?k^2m[ 2?5 D@>6 @7 E96 H2JD J@F 42C6 7@C :E >2J ?665 E@ 492?86[ E@@] %9:D 42? >62? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]24@8]@C8^H@>6?D\962=E9^962=E9\E@@=D^>6?@A2FD6\DJ>AE@>\EC24<6CQmEC24<:?8 ?6H DJ>AE@>Dk^2m[ 25;FDE:?8 6G6CJ52J 923:ED[ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|r`_fg_hag^QmA2J:?8 6IEC2 2EE6?E:@? E@ J@FC ?FEC:E:@?2= ?665Dk^2m] x7 2 >F=E:G:E2>:? :D A2CE @7 J@FC C@FE:?6[ J@F 42? =@@< 7@C @?6 7@C>F=2E65 7@C E9:D =:76 DE286]k^Am
kAmxEVD ?@C>2= E@ 766= 2AAC696?D:G6 23@FE 2?J >2;@C =:76 EC2?D:E:@?] &?56CDE2?5:?8 H92EVD 24EF2==J 92AA6?:?8 :? J@FC 3@5J 42? >2<6 E96 F?<?@H? 766= 2 =:EE=6 =6DD 52F?E:?8j 96C6[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C:EF2=]4@>Qm#:EF2=k^2m 3C62<D 5@H? H92E E@ 6IA64E 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 2?5 9@H E@ DFAA@CE J@FCD6=7 E9C@F89 E96 EC2?D:E:@?]k^Am
k9bmtDD6?E:2= %2<62H2JDk^9bm
kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ67353b`g2_aaeeec67c652`5df_db7fabQm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 :D E96 EC2?D:E:@? =625:?8 FA E@ >6?@A2FD6 E92E :?4=F56D E96 `a >@?E9D 27E6C J@FC =2DE A6C:@5] xE @7E6? 368:?D :? J@FC c_D]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6_237ggbf7435ag_3gfe3b`77c4d75heeQmxEVD ?@E E96 D2>6 2D >6?@A2FD6] |6?@A2FD6 :D 2 D:?8=6 A@:?E :? E:>6i J@FC 7:?2= >6?DECF2= A6C:@5[ 2?5 :D 4@?7:C>65 H96? J@F 92G6 ?@E 925 2 A6C:@5 7@C `a >@?E9D :? 2 C@H]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ64_5bfcc`3dffdbe46b7ef5625chfad4bQm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 FDF2==J =2DED 23@FE 7:G6 E@ E6? J62CD[ E9@F89 :E 42? 36 D9@CE6C @C =@?86C]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6daaae6fhh4245b6332647_4e_`247`bbQmr@>>@? D:8?D :?4=F56 :CC68F=2C A6C:@5D[ 9@E 7=2D96D[ ?:89E DH62ED[ 2?5 492?86D :? D=66A[ >@@5[ 2?5 4@8?:E:@?]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ65352bhd5e7bdgaadeh7a5a`d66gbdfd4Qmw62=E9J 923:ED[ :?4=F5:?8 7:==:?8 6G6CJ52J ?FEC:6?E 82AD[ 42? 96=A DFAA@CE J@FC 3@5J E9C@F89 E96 EC2?D:E:@?]k^=:mk^F=m
k9bm(92E xD !6C:>6?@A2FD6[ tI24E=Jnk^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6[ H9:49 =:E6C2==J >62?D Q2C@F?5 >6?@A2FD6[Q :D E96 EC2?D:E:@? 7C@> J@FC C6AC@5F4E:G6 J62CD E@ >6?@A2FD6] sFC:?8 E9:D E:>6[ @G2C:2? 7F?4E:@? 564=:?6D[ =625:?8 E@ 9@C>@?2= 492?86D E92E 42? 42FD6 2 C2?86 @7 DJ>AE@>D]k^Am
kAm*@FC @G2C:6D 2C6 DE:== 7F?4E:@?:?8 E9C@F89@FE A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ 3FE @GF=2E:@? 42? 364@>6 =6DD 4@?D:DE6?E[ @44FCC:?8 5FC:?8 D@>6 4J4=6D 2?5 ?@E @E96CD] *@FC A6C:@5 >2J D9@H FA 62C=:6C @C =2E6C E92? 6IA64E65[ @C H:E9 2 5:776C6?E 7=@H E92? J@FVC6 FD65 E@]k^Am
kAm&?=:<6 >6?@A2FD6 :ED6=7[ H9:49 :D 2 D:?8=6 A@:?E >2C<65 3J 2 A6CD@?VD =2DE >6?DECF2= A6C:@5[ 2?5 4@?7:C>65 27E6C `a 4@?D64FE:G6 >@?E9D H:E9@FE 2 A6C:@5[ A6C:>6?@A2FD6 :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|rbbc_h_b^Qm2 AC@46DD E92E >2J F?7@=5 @G6C J62CDk^2m] xED E:>:?8 2?5 A2EE6C?D G2CJ 7C@> A6CD@? E@ A6CD@?[ 2?5 E96 EC2?D:E:@? :D?VE =:?62C] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]C6AC@5F4E:G6724ED]@C8^?6HD\2?5\AF3=:42E:@?D^724E\D966ED\2?5\:?7@8C2A9:4D^>6?@A2FD2=\EC2?D:E:@?\A6C:>6?@A2FD6\H92E\:D\:E^Qm$J>AE@>D >2J 4@>6 2?5 8@ @C 492?86 :? :?E6?D:EJ @G6C E:>6k^2m]k^Am
k9bmw@H {@?8 r2? !6C:>6?@A2FD6 {2DEnk^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 EJA:42==J =2DED 36EH66? 7:G6 2?5 `_ J62CD[ 3FE :ED 5FC2E:@? G2C:6D 4@?D:56C23=J 7C@> A6CD@? E@ A6CD@?] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^afefeeba^Qm%96 EC2?D:E:@? E6?5D E@ CF? =@?86C 7@C E9@D6 H9@ DE2CE J@F?86Ck^2m]k^Am
k9bm(96? s@6D !6C:>6?@A2FD6 $E2CEnk^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 >@DE @7E6? 368:?D :? J@FC c_D[ E9@F89 D@>6 A6@A=6 6?E6C E96 EC2?D:E:@? :? E96:C b_D] #6D62C49 :?5:42E6D E92E >@DE H@>6? 92G6 6?E6C65 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 3J 286D cd E@ cf]k^Am
kAm%96 286 2E H9:49 J@F F=E:>2E6=J C6249 >6?@A2FD6 G2C:6D 7C@> A6CD@? E@ A6CD@?[ E@@[ H9:49 42?—3FE 5@6D?VE 2=H2JD—27764E H96? A6C:>6?@A2FD6 368:?D] v6?6E:4D A=2J 2 C@=6 :? E9:D E:>:?8i k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^a`d_dbf_^Qm(@>6? H9@D6 >@E96CD 6IA6C:6?465 62C=J >6?@A2FD6 2C6 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ 6IA6C:6?46 62C=J >6?@A2FD6 E96>D6=G6Dk^2m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|readgd`c^Qm$>@<:?8 :D 2=D@ 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 62C=:6C >6?@A2FD6k^2m[ H:E9 962G:6C 2?5 =@?86C\E6C> D>@<:?8 =:?<65 E@ 8C62E6C C:D<] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^`dhdfhhh^Qmr6CE2:? 8J?64@=@8:42= DFC86C:6Dk^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]42?46C]8@G^23@FE\42?46C^EC62E>6?E^D:56\67764ED^76CE:=:EJ\H@>6?QmD@>6 42?46C EC62E>6?EDk^2m 42? 27764E >6?@A2FD6 E:>:?8 2D H6==]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mt2C=J !6C:>6?@A2FD6k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm%96 62C=:6DE 4=F6D J@FC 3@5J :D 368:??:?8 E96 >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@? 2C6 FDF2==J DF3E=6 4J4=6 492?86D] *@FC A6C:@5D >:89E 2CC:G6 2 76H 52JD 62C=:6C @C =2E6C E92? J@FVC6 FD65 E@[ 2?5 J@FC 7=@H >2J 364@>6 =:89E6C @C 962G:6C] r=:?:42==J[ J@FVG6 @77:4:2==J 6?E6C65 62C=J A6C:>6?@A2FD6 H96? E96C6VD 2 4@?D:DE6?E 5:776C6?46 @7 D6G6? 52JD @C >@C6 7C@> @?6 4J4=6 E@ E96 ?6IE—>62?:?8 @?6 4J4=6 >:89E =2DE ag 52JD[ 2?@E96C be[ 2?5 2?@E96C b_] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^H@>6?D962=E9]8@G^>6?@A2FD6^>6?@A2FD6\32D:4DQm!|$ DJ>AE@>D 42? 364@>6 >@C6 ?@E:4623=6 @C H@CD6? 2D H6==k^2m]k^Am
kAm*@F >2J 368:? E@ 6IA6C:6?46 @E96C 492?86D 5FC:?8 E9:D DE286[ E@@] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^aeedbc_g^Qm$=66A 42? 364@>6 5:DCFAE65k^2m[ 2?5 J@F >2J 7:?5 J@FCD6=7 H2<:?8 >@C6 7C6BF6?E=J E9C@F89@FE E96 ?:89E] w@E 7=2D96D 2?5 ?:89E DH62ED >2J 368:? E@ 2AA62C 2D H6==[ 2=E9@F89 E96J 364@>6 >@C6 4@>>@? 2D E96 EC2?D:E:@? AC@8C6DD6D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|rcgh_f_c^Qm$@>6 H@>6? 2=D@ ?@E:46 492?86D :? >6>@CJ 2?5 7@4FDk^2mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m{2E6 !6C:>6?@A2FD6k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm{2E6 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 3C:?8D >@C6 D:8?:7:42?E 492?86D] pE E9:D A@:?E[ J@F >:89E DE2CE D<:AA:?8 A6C:@5D 2=E@86E96C r=:?:42==J DA62<:?8[ 8@:?8 e_ 52JD @C =@?86C H:E9@FE 2 A6C:@5 @77:4:2==J >2C<D E96 DE2CE @7 E9:D A92D6] $J>AE@> D6G6C:EJ E6?5D E@ C:D6 :? =2E6 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ E@@] w@E 7=2D96D 2?5 ?:89E DH62ED 364@>6 >@C6 4@>>@?[ H9:=6 D=66A :DDF6D[ >@@5 492?86D[ 4@8?:E:G6 492?86D[ 2?5 G28:?2= 5CJ?6DD >2J 2=D@ @44FC] %9:D A92D6 EJA:42==J =2DED 23@FE @?6 E@ E9C66 J62CD 367@C6 J@FC 7:?2= A6C:@5]k^Am
k9bm(92E w@C>@?2= r92?86D r2? w2AA6? sFC:?8 !6C:>6?@A2FD6nk^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 :?G@=G6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^`hbfa_`e^Qm492?86D :? D6G6C2= C6AC@5F4E:G6 9@C>@?6Dk^2m[ :?4=F5:?8 6DEC@86?[ AC@86DE6C@?6[ E6DE@DE6C@?6[ 2?5 7@==:4=6\DE:>F=2E:?8 9@C>@?6 Wu$wX] w6C6VD H92E 92AA6?D E@ 6249 2D J@F >@G6 E9C@F89 E96 EC2?D:E:@?ik^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mtDEC@86? =6G6=D 364@>6 >@C6 F?AC65:4E23=6k^DEC@?8m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^a_geh`g_^QmsFC:?8 2 EJA:42= >6?DECF2= 4J4=6[ 6DEC@86? C:D6D 2?5 72==D :? 2 C6=2E:G6=J AC65:4E23=6 A2EE6C?k^2m] x? A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ E9@D6 7=F4EF2E:@?D 42? 364@>6 >@C6 6CC2E:4[ 2?5 6DEC@86? F=E:>2E6=J 564=:?6D E9C@F89 E9:D =:76 DE286] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|rcc__adb^Qm!@DE>6?@A2FD6[ 6DEC@86? =6G6=D C6>2:? =@H 7@C E96 C6>2:?56C @7 2 H@>2?VD =:76k^2m]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mu@==:4=6\DE:>F=2E:?8 9@C>@?6 Wu$wX C:D6Dk^DEC@?8m] u$w 86?6C2==J :?4C62D6D 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ 2=E9@F89 =6G6=D 42? 7=F4EF2E6 4@?D:56C23=J E9C@F89@FE E96 EC2?D:E:@?] q642FD6 @7 E9:D G2C:23:=:EJ[ 2 D:?8=6 u$w >62DFC6>6?E :D?VE 4@?D:56C65 2 C6=:23=6 H2J E@ 5:28?@D6 A6C:>6?@A2FD6]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m!C@86DE6C@?6 364@>6D =6DD 4@?D:DE6?E]k^DEC@?8m !C@86DE6C@?6 =6G6=D C:D6 27E6C @GF=2E:@?] pD @GF=2E:@? 364@>6D =6DD 4@?D:DE6?E 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ AC@86DE6C@?6 AC@5F4E:@? 42? 364@>6 =6DD 4@?D:DE6?E[ E@@]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m%6DE@DE6C@?6 564=:?6Dk^DEC@?8m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^``hbf```^Qm%6DE@DE6C@?6 A=2JD 2 C@=6 :? H@>6?VD D6IF2= 2?5 C6AC@5F4E:G6 962=E9k^2m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^`fbhcdhc^QmxED =6G6=D E6?5 E@ 564C62D6 E9C@F89@FE A6C:>6?@A2FD6k^2m]k^Am
kAm%96D6 9@C>@?2= 492?86D 27764E >@C6 E92? J@FC >6?DECF2= 4J4=6] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^bdhaghhd^QmtDEC@86?[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ A=2JD 2 C@=6 :? C68F=2E:?8 3@5J E6>A6C2EFC6[ D=66A[ >@@5[ 2?5 4@8?:E:G6 7F?4E:@?k^2m[ 2>@?8 @E96C AC@46DD6D[ H9:49 96=AD 6IA=2:? H9J A6C:>6?@A2FD6 42? :?4=F56 2 H:56 C2?86 @7 5:DCFAE:G6 DJ>AE@>D]k^Am
k9bm%96 $:8?D 2?5 $J>AE@>D @7 !6C:>6?@A2FD6k^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 42? 27764E J@FC >6?DECF2= 4J4=6[ 3@5J E6>A6C2EFC6[ D=66A[ >@@5[ 4@8?:E:@?[ 2?5 D6IF2= 962=E9] tG6CJ@?6 6IA6C:6?46D E96 EC2?D:E:@? 5:776C6?E=J[ 2?5 DJ>AE@>D >2J 4@>6 2?5 8@ @C 492?86 :? :?E6?D:EJ @G6C E:>6]k^Am
kAmw6C6VD 2 BF:4< =:DE @7 DJ>AE@>D J@F >:89E ?@E:46ik^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m|6?DECF2= 4J4=6k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E J@F >:89E ?@E:46k^DEC@?8mi $9@CE6C @C =@?86C 4J4=6D[ 962G:6C @C =:89E6C 7=@H[ D<:AA65 A6C:@5Dk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m%6>A6C2EFC6k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E J@F >:89E ?@E:46k^DEC@?8mi w@E 7=2D96D[ ?:89E DH62EDk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m$=66Ak^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E J@F >:89E ?@E:46k^DEC@?8mi k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:46]@C8]F<^8F:52?46^?8abQm%C@F3=6 DE2J:?8 2D=66A[ >@C6 7C6BF6?E ?:89EE:>6 H2<:?8k^2mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m|@@5k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E J@F >:89E ?@E:46k^DEC@?8mi u66=:?8D @7 :CC:E23:=:EJ[ 2?I:6EJ[ @C =@H >@@5k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mr@8?:E:@?k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E J@F >:89E ?@E:46k^DEC@?8mi u@C86E7F=?6DD[ 5:77:4F=EJ 4@?46?EC2E:?8k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m$6IF2= 962=E9k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E J@F >:89E ?@E:46k^DEC@?8mi '28:?2= 5CJ?6DD[ A2:? 5FC:?8 D6I[ =@H6C =:3:5@k^Am
kAm$@>6 @7 E96D6 DJ>AE@>D >2J 36 F?72>:=:2C] w6C6VD 2 4=@D6C =@@< 2E 6249 4=FDE6C @7 492?86D 2?5 9@H DJ>AE@>D >:89E D9@H FA 7@C J@F]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m|6?DECF2= 4J4=6 492?86Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm*@F >256 A6246 H:E9 J@FC A6C:@5 J62CD 28@[ 3FE ?@H :EVD C625J E@ C6?68@E:2E6 E96 E6C>D] x? A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ J@FC 4J4=6D 42? 364@>6 =6DD AC65:4E23=6 E92? 367@C6] %96J >2J 36 D9@CE6C @C =@?86C E92? J@FVC6 FD65 E@[ 2?5 J@FC 7=@H >2J 36 962G:6C @C =:89E6C] *@F >2J 2=D@ 368:? D<:AA:?8 A6C:@5D 2=E@86E96C]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m'2D@>@E@C DJ>AE@>D W9@E 7=2D96D 2?5 ?:89E DH62EDXk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmw@E 7=2D96D 2C6 32D:42==J 6I24E=J H92E E96J D@F?5 =:<6i DF556? H2G6D @7 962E :? E96 7246[ ?64<[ 2?5 496DE E92E >2J 36 244@>A2?:65 3J 7=FD9:?8[ DH62E:?8[ 2 C24:?8 962CE362E[ 2?5 5:D4@>7@CE =2DE:?8 2 76H >:?FE6D] (96? E96J 92AA6? 2E ?:89E 5FC:?8 D=66A[ E96JVC6 <?@H? 2D ?:89E DH62ED]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m$=66A 492?86Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm$=66A 42? 364@>6 5:DCFAE65 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ H9:49 42? =625 E@ >@C6 ?:89EE:>6 H2<:?8 2?5 5:77:4F=EJ DE2J:?8 2D=66A]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m|@@5 492?86Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm*@FC A6C:@5D 2C6?VE E96 @?=J E9:?8D E92E 364@>6 F?AC65:4E23=6 :? A6C:>6?@A2FD6] *@F >2J 2=D@ 6IA6C:6?46 492?86D :? >@@5 E92E D66>:?8=J 4@>6 @FE @7 ?@H96C6[ :?4=F5:?8 766=:?8D @7 :CC:E23:=:EJ[ 2?I:@FD?6DD[ @C D25?6DD]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mr@8?:E:G6 492?86Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmtG6? E96 D92CA6DE >:?5D 42? DE2CE E@ 766= 2 3:E DBF:D9J 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6] *@F >2J 7:?5 J@FCD6=7 7@C86EE:?8 E9:?8D >@C6 @7E6? @C 92G:?8 2 92C56C E:>6 4@?46?EC2E:?8—6IA6C:6?46D 4@>>@?=J 56D4C:365 2D Q3C2:? 7@8]Qk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m'28:?2=[ FC:?2CJ[ 2?5 D6IF2= 962=E9k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm%9:?8D >2J DE2CE E@ 766= 5:776C6?E 36=@H E96 36=E[ E@@] w@C>@?2= 492?86D 5FC:?8 E96 >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@? 42? 4@?EC:3FE6 E@ G28:?2= 5CJ?6DD 2?5 :CC:E2E:@?[ A2:? @C 5:D4@>7@CE 5FC:?8 D6I[ FC:?2CJ DJ>AE@>D[ 2?5 492?86D :? D6IF2= 56D:C6]k^Am
kAm*@F >:89E 6IA6C:6?46 D6G6C2= @7 E96D6 DJ>AE@>D[ @?=J @?6 @C EH@[ @C ?@?6 2E 2==] %96 DJ>AE@>D J@F ?@E:46—2?5 E96:C :?E6?D:EJ—42? 2=D@ 492?86 2D J@F >@G6 E9C@F89 E96 EC2?D:E:@?]k^Am
k9bm(96? E@ $66 2 w62=E942C6 !C@G:56Ck^9bm
kAm}@E 6G6CJ A6C:>6?@A2FD6 DJ>AE@> C6BF:C6D 2 EC:A E@ J@FC 962=E942C6 AC@G:56C[ 3FE J@F 5@?VE 92G6 E@ D:>A=J A@H6C E9C@F89 E96>[ 6:E96C] x7 J@FC DJ>AE@>D 2C6 27764E:?8 J@FC BF2=:EJ @7 =:76 @C :7 J@FVC6 F?DFC6 H96E96C A6C:>6?@A2FD6 :D 369:?5 E96 492?86D J@FVC6 6IA6C:6?4:?8[ >66E:?8 H:E9 2 962=E942C6 AC@G:56C 42? 96=A]Â s6A6?5:?8 @? J@FC DJ>AE@>D 2?5 :?5:G:5F2= ?665D[ 2 AC@G:56C 42? E2=< J@F E9C@F89 @AE:@?D E92E >2J :?4=F56 >6?@A2FD2= 9@C>@?6 E96C2AJ @C ?@?\9@C>@?2= 2AAC@2496D]k^Am
kAm$9:7ED :? J@FC A6C:@5 2C6 4@>>@? 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ 3FE 46CE2:? 3=665:?8 A2EE6C?D 2C6 H@CE9 5:D4FDD:?8 H:E9 J@FC 962=E942C6 AC@G:56C[ :?4=F5:?8ik^Am
kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6e476a4ef4f_b`ggbd_af75be6h7437adQmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]24@8]@C8^H@>6?D\962=E9^72BD^A6C:>6?@A2FD2=\3=665:?8\2?5\3=665:?8\27E6C\>6?@A2FD6Qmq=665:?8 36EH66? A6C:@5D @C 27E6C D6Ik^2mk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6e_defba26bae3bbe__`gba276f`ah345Qmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]24@8]@C8^H@>6?D\962=E9^72BD^23?@C>2=\FE6C:?6\3=665:?8Qm!6C:@5D 4=@D6C E@86E96C E92? 6G6CJ a` 52JDk^2mk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6d37gd346_d2b6_g56h76`_`6ff7he`f2Qm'6CJ 962GJ 3=665:?8 WD@2<:?8 E9C@F89 2 A25 @C E2>A@? 6G6CJ 9@FC 7@C D6G6C2= 9@FCDXk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6_dd4e55e2e`gee3g56bc`f7257a4geddQmp?J 3=665:?8 27E6C `a >@?E9D H:E9@FE 2 A6C:@5k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ657h5addg`c__e2aa6_765eb6h`fefhh4Qm!6C:@5D =2DE:?8 =@?86C E92? D6G6? 52JDk^=:mk^F=m
k9bm(92E r2? *@F s@ E@ $FAA@CE *@FC q@5Jnk^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 :D 2 E:>6 @7 D:8?:7:42?E 492?86 7@C J@FC 3@5J] *@F 42? 96=A DFAA@CE :E E9C@F89 E96 EC2?D:E:@? 3J 25@AE:?8[ @C >2:?E2:?:?8[ 2 76H 962=E9J 923:ED]k^Am
kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ66_h2ab75g656ee6bd6bfefe3a6fa5``4QmkDEC@?8m|@G6 C68F=2C=Jk^DEC@?8m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^c_ehcfgd^Qm#68F=2C A9JD:42= 24E:G:EJ 42? DFAA@CE D=66A 2?5 @G6C2== H6==\36:?8 5FC:?8 E96 >6?@A2FD6 EC2?D:E:@?k^2m] r@?D:56C :?4@CA@C2E:?8 DEC6?8E9\EC2:?:?8[ H9:49 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4:6?465:C64E]4@>^D4:6?46^2CE:4=6^A::^$gfdebagaad__aeadQm42? 96=A DFAA@CE >FD4=6 2?5 3@?6 962=E9k^2m]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ67h2_24de6`3a47_g6b2ahffdb7b25d_3QmkDEC@?8m!C@E64E J@FC D=66Ak^DEC@?8m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^H@>6?D962=E9]8@G^>6?@A2FD6^>6?@A2FD6\DJ>AE@>D\2?5\C6=:67Qmz66A J@FC 365C@@> 4@@=[ DE:4< E@ 2 4@?D:DE6?E D=66A D4965F=6k^2m[ 2?5 4@?D:56C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^bdegc_fg^Qm=:>:E:?8 2=4@9@=[ H9:49 42? EC:886C 9@E 7=2D96Dk^2m 2?5 :?E6C76C6 H:E9 D=66A] p 4@?D:DE6?E H:?5\5@H? C@FE:?6 42? 96=A[ E@@]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6c4a6g_774bg4g35f27d`b77fbb52hh_gQmkDEC@?8m|2?286 DEC6DDk^DEC@?8m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^bdheccce^Qmu:?5:?8 H2JD E@ 4@A6 H:E9 DEC6DD 42? 36 6DA64:2==J :>A@CE2?E 5FC:?8 E96 >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@?k^2m] (92E6G6C 86?F:?6=J 96=AD J@F 564@>AC6DD—H96E96C E92EVD H2=<:?8[ DA6?5:?8 E:>6 H:E9 7C:6?5D[ 7@DE6C:?8 2 4C62E:G6 @FE=6E[ @C D4C62>:?8 :?E@ E96 G@:5—56D6CG6D DA246 @? J@FC 42=6?52C]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6_36bf2ha4d_5257hc`gh4b7deg26dh6aQmkDEC@?8m|:?5 J@FC AC@E6:? :?E2<6k^DEC@?8m] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C:EF2=]4@>^3=@8D^=:76\923:ED^AC@E6:?\A@H56C\7@C\A6C:>6?@A2FD6Qm!C@E6:? ?665D :?4C62D6 H:E9 286[ 2?5 256BF2E6 :?E2<6 96=AD DFAA@CE >FD4=6 >2DD >2:?E6?2?46 2D J@F 86E @=56Ck^2m]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ653c_f5de7bf6h2bb5a663hh5cfddbe3gQmkDEC@?8mu:== @E96C ?FEC:6?E 82ADk^DEC@?8m] pD 6DEC@86? =6G6=D 564=:?6 E9C@F89 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 2?5 C6>2:? =@H6C 27E6C >6?@A2FD6[ >2:?E2:?:?8 3@?6 962=E9 364@>6D 6G6? >@C6 @7 2 AC:@C:EJ] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@5D]@5]?:9]8@G^724ED966ED^':E2>:?s\w62=E9!C@76DD:@?2=^Qmt?DFC:?8 256BF2E6 G:E2>:? s 2?5 42=4:F> :?E2<6 42? 96=Ak^2m] (96? J@FVC6 49@@D:?8 2 DFAA=6>6?E E@ 96=A 7:== ?FEC:6?E 82AD[ =@@< 7@C 4=62C =236=:?8[ EC24623=6 :?8C65:6?ED[ 2?5 EC2?DA2C6?E E9:C5\A2CEJ E6DE:?8 C6DF=ED[ D@ J@F <?@H H92E J@FVC6 24EF2==J 86EE:?8]k^=:mk^F=m
k9bm}2G:82E:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 H:E9 4@?7:56?46k^9bm
kAm!6C:>6?@A2FD6 :D 2 ?2EFC2= EC2?D:E:@?[ 3FE E92E 5@6D?VE >62? ?2G:82E:?8 :E 4@>6D ?2EFC2==J] &?56CDE2?5:?8 H92EVD 92AA6?:?8 :? J@FC 3@5J[ 2?5 H92E J@F 42? 5@ 23@FE :E[ 42? 96=A J@F >2<6 >@C6 :?7@C>65 564:D:@?D 23@FE J@FC 962=E9] uC@> :CC68F=2C A6C:@5D 2?5 9@E 7=2D96D E@ 492?86D :? D=66A[ >@@5[ 2?5 7@4FD[ E96 DJ>AE@>D J@F 6IA6C:6?46 5FC:?8 E9:D EC2?D:E:@? C67=64E C62= A9JD:@=@8:42= D9:7ED] $@ :7 J@FVC6 766=:?8 @FE @7 D@CED[ :EVD ?@E 2== :? J@FC 9625] xEVD 3:@=@8J]k^Am
kAm%C24<:?8 J@FC DJ>AE@>D[ H@C<:?8 H:E9 2 AC@G:56C J@F ECFDE[ 2?5 DFAA@CE:?8 J@FC 3@5J H:E9 962=E9J 923:ED 42? 96=A J@F >@G6 E9C@F89 E96 EC2?D:E:@? H:E9 >@C6 286?4J]k^Am
k9bmuC6BF6?E=J pD<65 "F6DE:@?D Wup"Xik^9bm
kAmkDEC@?8mw@H 5@ x E6== :7 x 2> :? A6C:>6?@A2FD6nk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmxE 42? 36 5:77:4F=E E@ 56E6C>:?6 :7 J@F 2C6 :? A6C:>6?@A2FD6] p 962=E942C6 AC@G:56C >2J 4@?D:56C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^3@@<D^}qzd_fgae^Qm724E@CD DF49 2D 286[ 492?86D :? J@FC >6?DECF2= 4J4=6D[ E96 AC6D6?46 @7 4@>>@? DJ>AE@>D[ 2?5 J@FC 72>:=J 9:DE@CJk^2m E@ 96=A 56E6C>:?6 H96E96C @C ?@E J@F 2C6 =:<6=J E@ 36 :? A6C:>6?@A2FD6] w@C>@?6 E6DE:?8 >2J 96=A DFAA@CE E96 9JA@E96D:D E92E J@FVG6 6?E6C65 E9:D A92D6 F?56C 46CE2:? 4:C4F>DE2?46D[ 3FE :E :D 86?6C2==J ?@E C64@>>6?565 3J 6IA6CED 2D 2 H2J E@ 56E6C>:?6 :7 D@>6@?6 :D :? A6C:>6?@A2FD6] %9:D :D 3642FD6 9@C>@?6 =6G6=D 7=F4EF2E6 D:8?:7:42?E=J 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ D@ 9@C>@?6 E6DE C6DF=ED >2J 36 F?C6=:23=6 2?5 255 4@?7FD:@? C2E96C E92? 4=2C:EJ]k^Am
kAmr@>>@? D:8?D @7 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 :?4=F56 :CC68F=2C A6C:@5D[ 492?86D :? >6?DECF2= 7=@H[ 9@E 7=2D96D[ ?:89E DH62ED[ >@@5 492?86D[ 2?5 D=66A 5:DCFAE:@?D] x7 J@FVC6 :? J@FC b_D @C c_D 2?5 2C6 6IA6C:6?4:?8 @?6 @C >@C6 @7 E96D6 492?86D[ A6C:>6?@A2FD6 4@F=5 36 @?6 A@DD:3=6 6IA=2?2E:@?]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E 2C6 E96 DE286D @7 E96 >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@?nk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmtIA6CED 3C62< C6AC@5F4E:G6 28:?8 :?E@ D6G6? DE286D] !6C:>6?@A2FD6 :?4=F56D E96 62C=J >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@?[ E96 =2E6 >6?@A2FD2= EC2?D:E:@?[ 2?5 E96 7:CDE J62C A@DE>6?@A2FD6]k^Am
kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6a6b645d2`55dbdg274af2h6ah7h47e5aQmkDEC@?8mt2C=J |6?@A2FD2= %C2?D:E:@?k^DEC@?8mi *@FC >6?DECF2= 4J4=6 DE2CED 364@>:?8 =6DD AC65:4E23=6[ H:E9 ?@E:4623=6 492?86D :? 4J4=6 =6?8E9 @7 D6G6? 52JD @C >@C6] %96D6 4J4=6 492?86D C67=64E D9:7E:?8 9@C>@?6 =6G6=D 2?5 >2J 36 E96 7:CDE D:8? @7 E96 EC2?D:E:@? J@F ?@E:46]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6aa72ch77ah_7d45defaf57bd7f43h_`hQmkDEC@?8m{2E6 |6?@A2FD2= %C2?D:E:@?k^DEC@?8mi *@FVC6 6IA6C:6?4:?8 =@?8 82AD 36EH66? A6C:@5D[ @7E6? e_ 52JD @C >@C6] rJ4=6D 364@>6 9:89=J :CC68F=2C[ 9@C>@?6 =6G6=D 7=F4EF2E6 H:56=J[ 2?5 @GF=2E:@? >2J ?@E @44FC C68F=2C=J] %9:D DE286 EJA:42==J =2DED `\b J62CD] sFC:?8 E9:D DE286[ DJ>AE@>D DF49 2D 9@E 7=2D96D 2?5 ?:89E DH62ED 2C6 4@>>@?]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ627a45bh64ae3_5e224e7g67dbc35b3acQmkDEC@?8mt2C=J !@DE>6?@A2FD6k^DEC@?8mi p7E6C >6?@A2FD6[ 9@C>@?6 =6G6=D 4@?E:?F6 E@ 492?86 7@C 2 76H J62CD] u@==:4=6\DE:>F=2E:?8 9@C>@?6 Wu$wX 8C25F2==J C:D6D 2?5 6DEC25:@= 8C25F2==J 72==D F?E:= 23@FE EH@ J62CD 27E6C E96 7:?2= >6?DECF2= A6C:@5 Wu|!X[ E96? E96J DE23:=:K6] $J>AE@>D[ 6DA64:2==J 9@E 7=2D96D 2?5 ?:89E DH62ED[ 2C6 =:<6=J E@ @44FC 5FC:?8 E9:D DE286]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6eb3_7e5253`cg6_a52aah6c`4efh`4dgQmkDEC@?8m{2E6 !@DE>6?@A2FD6k^DEC@?8mi #6AC@5F4E:G6 9@C>@?6 492?86D D=@H 5@H? 2?5 E96 67764ED @7 86?6C2= 28:?8 368:? E@ A=2J 2 =2C86C C@=6] $J>AE@>D =:<6 G28:?2= 5CJ?6DD 2?5 @E96C 492?86D E@ E96 FC:?2CJ 2?5 C6AC@5F4E:G6 EC24E 2C6 >@C6 4@>>@?]k^=:mk^F=m
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E 2C6 4@>>@? D:8?D @7 A6C:>6?@A2FD6nk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm$6G6? 4@>>@? D:8?D @7 A6C:>6?@A2FD6 :?4=F56 :CC68F=2C A6C:@5D[ 9@E 7=2D96D[ ?:89E DH62ED[ >@@5 492?86D[ D=66A AC@3=6>D[ G28:?2= 5CJ?6DD[ 2?5 =@H6C =:3:5@] ~E96C D:8?D 42? :?4=F56 72E:8F6[ EC@F3=6 4@?46?EC2E:?8[ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^bdbffgaf^Qm492?86D :? J@FC 92:C @C D<:?k^2m]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(92E D9@F=5 J@F 2G@:5 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6nk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm%96C6VD ?@ F?:G6CD2= =:DE @7 E9:?8D E@ 2G@:5 5FC:?8 A6C:>6?@A2FD6[ 3FE 46CE2:? 923:ED >2J 36 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 DJ>AE@>D] p=4@9@= 4@?DF>AE:@? 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^ae`chbc_^QmD>@<:?8k^2m 92G6 3@E9 366? 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 9@E 7=2D96D] |2?28:?8 49C@?:4 DEC6DD >2J 96=A[ E@@[ D:?46 DEC6DD 42? 27764E 9@H J@F 6IA6C:6?46 >6?@A2FD2= DJ>AE@>D]k^Am
kAmq67@C6 DE2CE:?8 2?J ?6H DFAA=6>6?E @C C6>65J[ :EVD 2 8@@5 :562 E@ 4964< :? H:E9 2 962=E942C6 AC@76DD:@?2=]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C:EF2=]4@>^3=@8D^=:76\923:ED^H92E\:D\A6C:>6?@A2FD6Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2mk6>m H2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C:EF2=]4@>^Qmk6>m#:EF2=k^6>mk^2mk6>m 2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am
