Indonesian environmental activist Muhammad Rosidi shudders as he recalls the horrific moment two men on a motorbike threw acid through the open window of his car as he was driving on Sumatra island in February.
He was instantly consumed by a burning pain as the corrosive liquid ate into his hands, legs and groin.
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