(CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA) Now that the 2026 midterm elections are less than a year away, public interest in where things stand is on the rise. Of course, in a democracy no one knows the outcome of an election before it takes place, despite what the pollsters may predict.
Nevertheless, it is common for commentators and citizens to revisit old elections to learn what might be coming in the ones that lie ahead.
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