In August 2026, government investigators subjected roughly 50 military officers and civilian employees on the Joint Staff to polygraph tests as part of an inquiry into press leaks about the Iran war and depleted U.S. munitions, according to The New York Times. The newspaper described the scope of the investigation as unprecedented in the modern military.
This is not the first time the Trump administration has used polygraphs in this way; in 2025, it directed that a wave of tests be administered across the executive branch to expose minor leaks.
kAmpD D@>6@?6 H9@ 92D E2<6? C@F89=J 2 5@K6? A@=J8C2A9D 5FC:?8 >J af\J62C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=:?<65:?]4@>^:?^3C:2?\4\@?6:==^Qm42C66C H:E9 E96 rxpk^2m[ x 2> H2CJ @7 9@H E96 AC@46DD :D F?56CDE@@5 – 2?5 @7 E96 46CE2:?EJ :ED FD6 42? 2AA62C E@ 4@?G6J]k^Am
kAm!@=J8C2A9D 42CCJ 2? @>:?@FD[ 2=>@DE >JE9@=@8:42= C6AFE2E:@? 2>@?8 p>6C:42?D] %96 >@C6 72>:=:2C 2?5 F?@77:4:2= E6C> – k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A2]@C8^E@A:4D^4@8?:E:G6\?6FC@D4:6?46^A@=J8C2A9Qm=:6 56E64E@C E6DEDk^2m – =:<6=J 7F6=D E92E A6C46AE:@?] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^=:6\56E64E:@?\E6DED\92G6\H@C<65\E96\D2>6\H2J\7@C\b\___\J62CD\2?5\E96JC6\DE:==\9@A6=6DD=J\:?244FC2E6\a__fc`Qm%6=6G:D:@? 4C:>6 5C2>2Dk^2m 92G6 5@?6 E96:C A2CE[ E@@[ @7E6? A@CEC2J:?8 E96 56G:46 2D 2? @C24=6 7@C F?4@G6C:?8 E96 ECFE9 H96? 4@?G6?E:@?2= >6E9@5D 72:=]k^Am
kAmx? E9@D6 A@CEC2J2=D[ E96 A@=J8C2A9 :D ?@E >6C6=J 2 E@@= – :E’D 2 H:?5@H :?E@ E96 D@F=]k^Am
kAmp>@?8 E9@D6 6?E6C:?8 8@G6C?>6?E D6CG:46[ 6DA64:2==J :? ?2E:@?2= D64FC:EJ[ E96 8C62E6C 2?I:6EJ :D ?@E E96 324<8C@F?5 4964< 3FE A2DD:?8 E96 A@=J8C2A9] |J 25G:46 :D 2=H2JD E96 D2>6i s@?’E =:6] xE’D E96 36DE – 2?5 A6C92AD @?=J – 8F:52?46 7@C 2 AC@46DD E92E >@DE 2DD6DD>6?ED 92G6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?2A]?2E:@?2=24256>:6D]@C8^C625^`_ca_^492AE6C^`Qm4@?4=F565 :D 2 >@C6 DF3;64E:G6 :?E6CAC6E2E:@? E92? 6>A:C:42= D4:6?46k^2m]k^Am
k9am(9J E96 A@=J8C2A9 A6CD:DEDk^9am
kAm!@=J8C2A9D 2C6 “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`e^;]7D:DJ?]a_ac]`__cfhQmAD6F5@\D4:6?E:7:4k^2m” :? E92E E96J >62DFC6 A9JD:@=@8:42= C6DA@?D6D DF49 2D 962CE C2E6[ 3=@@5 AC6DDFC6 2?5 A6CDA:C2E:@?] %96 2DDF>AE:@? :D E92E =:2CD 36EC2J E96>D6=G6D E9C@F89 DA:<6D :? E9@D6 D:8?2=D] qFE E9:D AC6DF>6D 2 <:?5 @7 ADJ49@=@8:42= EC2?DA2C6?4J E92E D:>A=J 5@6D?’E 9@=5 FA] p A6CD@? >:89E DH62E 2?5 EC6>3=6 D:>A=J 7C@> 762C[ 2?86C @C 7CFDEC2E:@? – ?@E 5646:E]k^Am
kAm%96C6 2=D@ 2C6 ?@ DA64:7:4 A9JD:@=@8:42= C624E:@?D 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 =J:?8] %96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?2A]?2E:@?2=24256>:6D]@C8^C625^`_ca_^492AE6C^`Qm}2E:@?2= p4256>J @7 $4:6?46Dk^2m :? a__b[ 2?5 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2A2]@C8^E@A:4D^4@8?:E:G6\?6FC@D4:6?46^A@=J8C2A9Qmp>6C:42? !DJ49@=@8:42= pDD@4:2E:@?k^2m :? 2 a__c C6G:6H[ 4@?4=F565 E92E E96 A@=J8C2A9 C6DED >@C6 @? E962E6C E92? 724E] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_bf^=93____b_fQmp a_`h 2DD6DD>6?Ek^2m C624965 E96 D2>6 4@?4=FD:@?]k^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8=J[ A@=J8C2A9 C6DF=ED 2C6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2H:?7@]4@>^C6D@FC46D^4C:>:?2=\5676?D6^2C6\=:6\56E64E@C\E6DED\25>:DD:3=6\:?\4@FCE]9E>=Qm?@E 86?6C2==J 25>:DD:3=6 :? &]$] 4@FCEDk^2m] ~?=J 2 92?57F= @7 DE2E6D – DF49 2D v6@C8:2[ pC:K@?2 2?5 r2=:7@C?:2 – A6C>:E E96:C FD6 6G6? F?56C =:>:E65 4@?5:E:@?D] p?5 E96J EJA:42==J C6BF:C6 E92E 3@E9 A2CE:6D 28C66 E@ 25>:DD:@? 2?5 2 ;F586 E@ 2AAC@G6 :E] &?4@?5:E:@?2= 25>:DD:3:=:EJ C6>2:?D E96 6I46AE:@?[ ?@E E96 CF=6]k^Am
kAmp?5 J6E[ :?D:56 >2?J ?2E:@?2= D64FC:EJ 286?4:6D[ A@=J8C2A9D C6>2:? 46?EC2= E@ E96 4=62C2?46 AC@46DD – 2 724E x @3D6CG65 7:CDE92?5 5FC:?8 >J E:>6 @G6CD66:?8 A6CD@??6= G6EE:?8 2?5 2?2=JE:4 9:C:?8 H:E9:? E96 :?E6==:86?46 4@>>F?:EJ]k^Am
kAm(9:=6 ?@E EC62E65 2D 4@?4=FD:G6[ A@=J8C2A9 C6DF=ED @7E6? D6CG6 2D 2 7:=E6C] p 42?5:52E6’D G:D:3=6 5:D4@>7@CE – @C E96 6I2>:?6C’D DF3;64E:G6 ;F58>6?E E92E 2 C6DA@?D6 D66>D 6G2D:G6 – 42? DE2== @C 6?5 E96 9:C:?8 AC@46DD] u@C :?DE2?46[ x <?@H E92E 8@G6C?>6?E 286?4:6D 92G6 92=E65 4=62C2?46D 27E6C 2? 6I2>:?6C 7=28865 6=6G2E65 C624E:@?D E@ BF6DE:@?D 23@FE A2DE 5CF8 FD6 @C 7@C6:8? 4@?E24ED[ 6G6? H96? ?@ 5:DBF2=:7J:?8 3692G:@C H2D F=E:>2E6=J 5@4F>6?E65]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQtIE6C:@C G:6H @7 2 7656C2= 3F:=5:?8 H:E9 2? p>6C:42? 7=28 7=J:?8 @? 2 >2DE]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^efged`^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ad_f_f\de\Cd8<93];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?m%96 uqx’D y] t582C w@@G6C 9625BF2CE6CD 3F:=5:?8 :? (2D9:?8E@? :? a_`e] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HDC@@>]2A]@C8^56E2:=^uF?5653Jx$x$^74hf7h32gedfc_h`h_2`c__3acd32444^A9@E@n"F6CJluqxTa_3F:=5:?8U2>Aj>65:2%JA6lA9@E@U2>AjD@CEqJlU2>Aj52E6#2?86lp?JE:>6U2>AjE@E2=r@F?Elh__U2>Aj4FCC6?ExE6>}@l`_Qmp! !9@E@^r=:77 ~H6? G:2 %96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmx? D@>6 42D6D[ 2? 6I2>:?6C’D DF886DE:@? E92E 2 492CE D9@HD 2? 2?@>2=J 92D =65 @E96CH:D6 DEC@?8 2AA=:42?ED E@ G@=F?E66C 56E2:=D E96J 925?’E A=2??65 E@ D92C6 – DF49 2D >:?@C D64FC:EJ :?7C24E:@?D[ F?564=2C65 C6=2E:@?D9:AD[ @C 42DF2= 5CF8 FD6 7C@> 564256D 62C=:6C – E92E[ H9:=6 ?@E 5:DBF2=:7J:?8 @? E96:C @H?[ C6D92A6 9@H E96:C ECFDEH@CE9:?6DD :D A6C46:G65]k^Am
kAm%96 A@=J8C2A9’D A@H6C =:6D :? 4C62E:?8 E96 4@?5:E:@?D F?56C H9:49 5646AE:@? :D 4@?76DD65]k^Am
k9amp AC65:4E23=6 A2EE6C?k^9am
kAm}@ 25>:?:DEC2E:@? 92D 366? :>>F?6 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A@=:E:4@]4@>^?6HD^a_`h^`_^_g^ECF>A\@3D6DD:@?\A@=J8C2A9D\=62<D\_bgcb`QmE96 :>AF=D6 E@ :?G6DE:82E6 =62<Dk^2m] %96 C67=6I :D 3:A2CE:D2? 2?5 72>:=:2Ci p? 6>32CC2DD:?8 5:D4=@DFC6 2AA62CD :? E96 AC6DD – 4@?EC25:4E:?8 @77:4:2= DE2E6>6?ED @C 6IA@D:?8 :?E6C?2= 5:DD6?E – 2?5 E96 (9:E6 w@FD6 G@HD E@ :56?E:7J 2?5 AF?:D9 E96 D@FC46] !@=J8C2A9D 2C6 @7E6? A2CE @7 E9:D C:EF2=]k^Am
kAmsFC:?8 9:D 7:CDE E6C>[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A@=:E:4@]4@>^DE@CJ^a_`f^_f^ad^2?E9@?J\D42C2>F44:\492?86D\H9:E6\9@FD6\4@>>F?:42E:@?D\@77:46\ac_hagQm%CF>A :?E6?D:7:65 677@CEDk^2m E@ 6IA@D6 :?E6C?2= 5:DD6?E 2?5 >65:2 =62<D] s6A2CE>6?E 8F:56=:?6D H6C6 C6G:D65 E@ >2<6 :E 62D:6C 7@C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]C47A]@C8^ECF>A\AC6DD\7C665@>\3@C56C^Qm286?4:6D E@ @3E2:? ;@FC?2=:DED’ A9@?6 2?5 6>2:= C64@C5Dk^2m[ 2?5 A@=J8C2A9D H6C6 C6A@CE65=J FD65 E@ AC6DDFC6 @77:4:2=D DFDA64E65 @7 E2=<:?8 E@ E96 AC6DD] %92E EC6?5 92D 4@?E:?F65 – 2?5[ D:?46 a_ad[ 6D42=2E65]k^Am
kAm!@=:4:6D 2E E96 !6?E28@? ?@H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A3D]@C8^?6HD9@FC^A@=:E:4D^A6?E28@?\H:==\C6>@G6\>65:2\@77:46D\27E6C\;F586\C6:?DE2E6D\?JED\AC6DD\4C656?E:2=DQmC6DEC:4E F?6D4@CE65 AC6DD 2446DDk^2m[ C6G@<6 @77:46 DA246 7@C >2;@C @FE=6ED 2?5 72G@C :56@=@8:42==J 2=:8?65 ?6EH@C<D] %96 =:?6 36EH66? =68:E:>2E6 =62< AC6G6?E:@? 2?5 E96 DFCG6:==2?46 @C D:56=:?:?8 @7 4C:E:42= AC6DD 4@G6C286 92D 8C@H? :?4C62D:?8=J 3=FCC65]k^Am
kAmpE 286?4:6D DF49 2D E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]HD;]4@>^A@=:E:4D^A@=:4J^59D\<C:DE:\?@6>\6>A=@J66\A@=J8C2A9\E6DED\fach74bgn>@5l$62C49C6DF=ED0A@DgU2>AjA286l`Qms6A2CE>6?E @7 w@>6=2?5 $64FC:EJk^2m 2?5 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E968F2C5:2?]4@>^FD\?6HD^a_ad^2AC^ah^73:\A@=J8C2A9\E6DE\=62<DQmuqxk^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_ad^_e^_`^FD^A@=:E:4D^73:\A2E6=]9E>=QmA@=J8C2A9D C6A@CE65=J 92G6 366? FD65 7C6BF6?E=Jk^2m – 2?5 >@C6 AF?:E:G6=J – E@ :56?E:7J :?E6C?2= 5:DD6?E6CD] tG6? “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2I:@D]4@>^a_ad^_d^af^73:\H9:E6\9@FD6\4@42:?6\DFAC6>6\4@FCE\=62<\:?G6DE:82E:@?DQm4@=5 42D6Dk^2m[” DF49 2D E96 =62< @7 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D4@EFD3=@8]4@>^a_ab^_`^DFAC6>6\4@FCE\:?G6DE:82E@CD\72:=\E@\:56?E:7J\H9@\=62<65\5@33D\@A:?:@?^Qm$FAC6>6 r@FCE’D s@33D @A:?:@?k^2m 29625 @7 :ED @G6CEFC?:?8 @7 #@6 G] (256[ H6C6 C6@A6?65[ 56DA:E6 AC:@C :?G6DE:82E:@?D J:6=5:?8 ?@ 567:?:E:G6 D@FC46]k^Am
k9amv@G6C?>6?E C624E:@? G2C:6Dk^9am
kAm}@E 2== =62<D 2C6 EC62E65 E96 D2>6] s:D4=@DFC6D E92E 2=:8? H:E9 @77:4:2= ?2CC2E:G6D @C @776C DEC2E68:4 25G2?E286 >2J 36 BF:6E=J E@=6C2E65[ 6G6? :7 F?2FE9@C:K65] ~E96CD[ 6DA64:2==J E9@D6 E92E 6>32CC2DD D6?:@C @77:4:2=D @C C6G62= 5JD7F?4E:@?[ 2C6 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ AC@>AE 7@C>2= :?G6DE:82E:@?]k^Am
kAmx? a__b[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ E96 =62< @7 rxp @77:46C '2=6C:6 !=2>6’D :56?E:EJ – H:56=J D66? 2D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H2D9:?8E@?A@DE]4@>^=:76DEJ=6^DEJ=6^G2=6C:6\A=2>6\2>6C:42D\>@DE\72>@FD\6I\DAJ\7:?5D\96C\?6H\:56?E:EJ^a_`h^`a^_`^a5ah_ge2\_`ff\``62\g323\_74a_h6_ed2g0DE@CJ]9E>=QmC6E2=:2E:@? 7@C 96C 9FD32?5’D 4C:E:4:D> @7 E96 xC2B (2Ck^2m – EC:886C65 2 7656C2= :?G6DE:82E:@?] %96 5:D4=@DFC6 6>32CC2DD65 D6?:@C @77:4:2=D[ =65 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4@FCE9@FD6?6HD]4@>^D4@@E6C\=:33J\=@D6D\=2H\=:46?D6\5F6\E@\A6C;FCJ^Qm(9:E6 w@FD6 2:56 $4@@E6C {:33J’D 4@?G:4E:@? 7@C A6C;FCJk^2m[ =2E6C 4@>>FE65[ 2?5 5C6H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a__d^_f^`e^A@=:E:4D^DE2E6\56AE\>6>@\86ED\D4CFE:?J\:?\=62<\:?BF:CJ\@?\4:2\@77:46C]9E>=Qm:?E6?D6 A@=:E:42= D4CFE:?Jk^2m]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp >2? 5C6DD65 :? 2 DF:E 2?5 E:6 C:56D :? E96 324< D62E @7 2 42C]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^efgecf^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ad_f_f\de\DD9@3f];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?m{6H:D {:33J[ ':46 !C6D:56?E s:4< r96?6J’D 49:67 @7 DE277[ C:56D :? E96 324<D62E @7 2 =:>@FD:?6 @? ~4E] af[ a__d[ :? |4{62?[ '2] k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^=6H:D\=:33J\G:46\AC6D:56?E\5:4<\496?6JD\49:67\@7\DE277\?6HD\A9@E@^de_a_cggn25AA@AFAlECF6Qm(:? |4}2>66^v6EEJ x>286D G:2 %96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm{62<D :?G@=G:?8 4=2DD:7:65 >2E6C:2= 5C2H E96 D92CA6DE C6DA@?D6 H96? E96J 492==6?86 AC6D:56?E:2= 2FE9@C:EJ @C 6IA@D6 :?E6C?2= 5:DAFE6D] %92E H2D E96 42D6 :? a_`_ H:E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_`f^_e^`a^>282K:?6^E96\=@?8\=@?6=J\C@25\@7\496=D62\>2??:?8]9E>=Qmr96=D62 |2??:?8k^2m[ H9@D6 5:D4=@DFC6 @7 5:A=@>2E:4 423=6D 2?5 32EE=67:6=5 C6A@CED 6>32CC2DD65 D6?:@C @77:4:2=D 2?5 DA2C<65 8=@32= 324<=2D9] v@G6C?>6?E C624E:@? @7E6? 56A6?5D =6DD @? H92E H2D 5:D4=@D65 E92? @? H9@ 5:D4=@D65 :E – 2?5 E@ H92E 67764E]k^Am
kAmp ?2CC@H D6E @7 5:D4=@DFC6D[ DF49 2D E9@D6 :?G@=G:?8 6DA:@?286 @C @A6C2E:@?2= 4@>AC@>:D6[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^4@??64E:4FE=2HC6G:6H]=2H]F4@??]65F^a_ae^_d^b`^49:==:?8\2>3:8F:EJ\42?\6DA:@?286\24E\=:23:=:EJ\36\:>A@D65\7@C\C6A@CE:?8\E96\?6HD^Qm6=:4:E 3C@25 4@?D6?DFDk^2m 2D 8C@F?5D 7@C AC@D64FE:@?] qFE >@DE =62<D 72== @FED:56 E92E 42E68@CJ] |@DE :?G6DE:82E:@?D 7256 BF:6E=J] %96 AF3=:4 C2C6=J =62C?D H92E 3642>6 @7 E96>] ~442D:@?2==J[ E96C6 :D 2 G28F6 C6D:8?2E:@?[ 3FE 5:C64E 244@F?E23:=:EJ :D C2C6]k^Am
k9am(92E E96 7FEFC6 9@=5Dk^9am
kAm%96 !6?E28@? A@=J8C2A9 42>A2:8? :D ?@E =:<6=J E@ 6=:>:?2E6 =62<D E@ E96 AC6DD] qFE :E >2J 92G6 2 49:==:?8 67764E E92E 5:D4@FC286D :?E6C?2= 42?5@C H9:=6 5:G6CE:?8 :?G6DE:82E:G6 6?6C8J 2H2J 7C@> 4@C6 D64FC:EJ AC:@C:E:6D]k^Am
kAmtG6? :7 DF49 42>A2:8?D DF44665 :? C65F4:?8 F?2FE9@C:K65 5:D4=@DFC6D[ E96J >2J 4@>6 2E E96 4@DE @7 :?DE:EFE:@?2= C6D:=:6?46] w:DE@C:42==J[ 288C6DD:G6 :?E6C?2= 6?7@C46>6?E 92D 366? 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^@:8];FDE:46]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^a_ac\``^%|!r\a_ac]A57Qm564=:?:?8 >@C2=6 2?5 C65F465 :?7@C>2E:@? 7=@Hk^2m – 724E@CD E92E 42? 9:?56C 252AE2E:@? E@ 4@>A=6I E9C62ED]k^Am
kAm$@>6 C6D62C496CD 92G6 DF886DE65 E92E 2CE:7:4:2= :?E6==:86?46 >2J 6G6?EF2==J @776C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_`e^;]24EADJ]a_a_]`_bad_QmC6=:23=6 E@@=D 7@C 56E64E:?8 5646AE:@?k^2m 3FE 42FE:@? E92E E96 E649?@=@8J :D ?@H96C6 ?62C @A6C2E:@?2= C625:?6DD]k^Am
kAmu@C ?@H[ :?DE:EFE:@?D H:== 92G6 E@ 4@?E6?5 H:E9 E96 E@@=D E96J 92G6 – :>A6C764E[ :>AC64:D6 2?5 >@C6 A6C7@C>2E:G6 E92? AC65:4E:G6]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D :D 2? FA52E65 G6CD:@? @7 2 DE@CJ E92E H2D 7:CDE AF3=:D965 @? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^ECF>A\25>:?:DEC2E:@?D\=:6\56E64E@C\42>A2:8?\282:?DE\=62<6CD\:D\F?=:<6=J\E@\DF44665\2?5\4@F=5\5:G6CE\6?6C8J\7C@>\?2E:@?2=\D64FC:EJ\AC:@C:E:6D\adh`agQmyF=J h[ a_adk^2m]k^6>mk^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah`eaaQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^3C:2?\@?6:==\aah_`agnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah`eaaQmqC:2? ~V}6:==k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^86@C8:2\:?DE:EFE6\@7\E649?@=@8J\`b`_nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah`eaaQmv6@C8:2 x?DE:EFE6 @7 %649?@=@8Jk^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:D\2\A@=J8C2A9\2\C6=:23=6\=:6\56E64E@C\`_c_cbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah`eaaQmxD 2 A@=J8C2A9 2 C6=:23=6 =:6 56E64E@Cnk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^?6H\A6?E28@?\A@=:4J\:D\2?\F?AC64656?E65\2EE6>AE\E@\F?56C>:?6\AC6DD\7C665@>\aee`ahnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah`eaaQm}6H !6?E28@? A@=:4J :D 2? F?AC64656?E65 2EE6>AE E@ F?56C>:?6 AC6DD 7C665@>k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^A6E6\968D6E9\:D\H@C<:?8\92C5\E@\>2<6\DFC6\E96\AF3=:4\962CD\@?=J\8@@5\?6HD\23@FE\:C2?\H2C\afgahdnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ah`eaaQm!6E6 w68D6E9 :D H@C<:?8 92C5 E@ >2<6 DFC6 E96 AF3=:4 962CD @?=J 8@@5 ?6HD 23@FE xC2? H2Ck^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?mqC:2? ~V}6:== 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^ah`eaa^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
