Over several decades, I have sold hundreds upon hundreds of items, from a Plymouth Fury III station wagon to a red plastic beer cup I listed on eBay as the Holy Grail.
Had I been just an average hoarder, my possessions should have been reduced by now to a loincloth, a pair of sandals and a toothbrush. Instead, I offset my exiting items with yet more things dragged home from swap meets (often six a weekend), yard sales, estate sales, pawn shops, classified ads and online marketplaces.
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