The resignation of Marty Makary, commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, on May 12, 2026, brought to the forefront a heated controversy over fruit-flavored nicotine vapes.
Rumors had been circulating for weeks that President Donald Trump was planning to fire Makary, in large part due to Makary’s disagreement with Trump over the FDA’s recent approval of two fruit-flavored vapes. Makary reportedly disagreed in private with the FDA’s decision, which came soon after Trump pushed the FDA to move more quickly in approving fruit-flavored vapes.
kAmq67@C6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]752]8@G^?6HD\6G6?ED^AC6DD\2??@F?46>6?ED^752\6IA2?5D\>2C<6E\2446DD\2FE9@C:K6D\?6H\6?5D\AC@5F4EDQmE92E usp 2AAC@G2=k^2m[ E96 286?4J 925 @?=J 2AAC@G65 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^752\2FE9@C:K65\E96\D2=6\@7\>6?E9@=\7=2G@C65\6\4:82C6EE6D\2\962=E9\A@=:4J\6IA6CE\6IA=2:?D\9@H\E96\36?67:ED\>2J\@FEH6:89\E96\C:D<D\abb_dfQm>6?E9@=\ 2?5 E@3244@\7=2G@C65 ?:4@E:?6 G2A6Dk^2m] %96 4=2D9 36EH66? %CF>A 2?5 |2<2CJ @G6C H96E96C E@ 2==@H 7CF:E\7=2G@C65 G2A6D :D 2 9:89\AC@7:=6 6I2>A=6 @7 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_de^}ty|Aa``h`_fQm4@?E:?F65 5632E6 DFCC@F?5:?8 E96D6 AC@5F4EDk^2m]k^Am
kAmq6J@?5 (2D9:?8E@?[ E96 AF3=:4 962=E9 4@>>F?:EJ :D 2=D@ 5:G:565] #6D62C496CD 2C6 H@C<:?8 E@ F?56CDE2?5 9@H 7=2G@C65 G2A6D 27764E AF3=:4 962=E9[ 3FE E96 6G:56?46 :D 4@>A=:42E65]k^Am
kAm(6 2C6 2 E62> @7 AF3=:4 962=E9 C6D62C496CD H9@ DEF5J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]F>2DD]65F^AF3=:4\962=E9\D4:6?46D^23@FE^5:C64E@CJ^;2>:6\92CE>2??\3@J46QmD4:6?E:7:4 6G:56?46k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^DA9]F>:49]65F^724F=EJ\AC@7:=6D^;2C>2?\9@==J]9E>=Qm962=E9 A@=:4Jk^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D49@=2C]8@@8=6]4@>^4:E2E:@?DnFD6Cl9'yaap4ppppyU2>Aj9=l6?QmC68F=2E:@?k^2m 2D :E C6=2E6D E@ E@3244@ 2?5 ?:4@E:?6 AC@5F4ED] ~FC E62> 2E E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E4@CD]F>:49]65F^Qmr6?E6C 7@C E96 pDD6DD>6?E @7 %@3244@ #68F=2E:@?Dk^2m 2E E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |:49:82? 2?5 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |2DD249FD6EED p>96CDE :D DEF5J:?8 BF6DE:@?D 23@FE 7=2G@CD :? E96D6 AC@5F4ED]k^Am
kAm%96 2FE9@C:K2E:@? @7 EH@ 7CF:E\7=2G@C65 G2A6D >2C<D 2 A:G@E2= >@>6?E :? &]$] 6\4:82C6EE6 C68F=2E:@?]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQr=@D6FA 9625D9@E @7 7@C>6C u@@5 2?5 sCF8 p5>:?:DEC2E:@? r@>>:DD:@?6C |2CEJ |2<2CJ]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fbea`d^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_d`d\ff\;@fC8F];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mu@C>6C u@@5 2?5 sCF8 p5>:?:DEC2E:@? r@>>:DD:@?6C |2CEJ |2<2CJ :D D2:5 E@ 92G6 4=2D965 H:E9 !C6D:56?E s@?2=5 %CF>A @G6C E96 usp’D 4@?EC@G6CD:2= 2AAC@G2= @7 EH@ 7=2G@C65 G2A6D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^7@@5\2?5\5CF8\25>:?:DEC2E:@?\4@>>:DD:@?6C\>2CE:?\>2<2CJ\?6HD\A9@E@^aadgbcddden25AA@AFAlECF6QmqC6?52? $>:2=@HD<:^pu! G:2 v6EEJ x>286Dk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9amusp’D C@=6 :? C68F=2E:?8 E@3244@ 2?5 ?:4@E:?6k^9am
kAm%96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]752]8@G^E@3244@\AC@5F4ED^CF=6D\C68F=2E:@?D\2?5\8F:52?46\C6=2E65\E@3244@\AC@5F4ED^72>:=J\D>@<:?8\AC6G6?E:@?\2?5\E@3244@\4@?EC@=\24E\@G6CG:6HQmu2>:=J $>@<:?8 !C6G6?E:@? 2?5 %@3244@ r@?EC@= p4Ek^2m[ H9:49 H2D D:8?65 :?E@ =2H :? a__h[ 82G6 E96 usp E96 2FE9@C:EJ E@ C68F=2E6 E96 >2?F724EFC6[ 5:DEC:3FE:@? 2?5 >2C<6E:?8 @7 E@3244@ AC@5F4ED] %9:D :?4=F56D ?:4@E:?6 2=E6C?2E:G6D DF49 2D 6\4:82C6EE6D[ G2A6D 2?5 @C2= ?:4@E:?6 A@F496D]k^Am
kAm%@3244@ 2?5 ?:4@E:?6 AC@5F4ED[ DF49 2D >2;@C 4:82C6EE6 3C2?5D[ E92E H6C6 @? E96 >2C<6E 367@C6 a__f k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]752]8@G^E@3244@\AC@5F4ED^>2C<6E\2?5\5:DEC:3FE6\E@3244@\AC@5F4E^AC6\6I:DE:?8\E@3244@\AC@5F4EDQm5:5 ?@E C6BF:C6 usp 2FE9@C:K2E:@?k^2m[ 3FE ?6H AC@5F4ED[ =:<6 G2A6D[ 5@] %@ 36 2FE9@C:K65[ ?6H E@3244@ 2?5 ?:4@E:?6 AC@5F4ED >FDE >66E E96 DE2?52C5 @7 36:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]752]8@G^E@3244@\AC@5F4ED^AC@5F4ED\8F:52?46\C68F=2E:@?D^E@3244@\AC@5F4E\DE2?52C5DQm“2AAC@AC:2E6 7@C E96 AC@E64E:@? @7 AF3=:4 962=E9”k^2m] x? @E96C H@C5D[ E96:C 36?67:ED E@ E96 A@AF=2E:@? 2D 2 H9@=6 >FDE 36 ;F5865 E@ @FEH6:89 E96:C C:D<D]k^Am
kAm%96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]752]8@G^23@FE\752^752\@C82?:K2E:@?^46?E6C\E@3244@\AC@5F4EDQmr6?E6C 7@C %@3244@ !C@5F4EDk^2m 2E E96 usp :D C6DA@?D:3=6 7@C >2<:?8 E96D6 564:D:@?D 2?5 :>A=6>6?E:?8 C68F=2E:@?D] p4256>:4 C6D62C49 46?E6CD[ =:<6 @FCD[ DFAA@CE E96 46?E6C :? F?56CDE2?5:?8 9@H :ED A@=:4:6D >:89E 27764E AF3=:4 962=E9]k^Am
k9am'2A:?8 92D 2 =@H6C C6=2E:G6 C:D< E92? D>@<:?8k^9am
kAm'2A:?8 ?:4@E:?6 :D ?@E C:D<\7C66[ 3FE C6D62C49 :D 4=62C E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]42?46CC6D62C49F<]@C8^23@FE\42?46C^42FD6D\@7\42?46C^D>@<:?8\2?5\42?46C^:D\G2A:?8\92C>7F=Qm:E :D >F49 =6DD 92C>7F= E92? D>@<:?8k^2m] '2A6D 2?5 6\4:82C6EE6D 5@?’E 4@?E2:? E@3244@ =627 =:<6 4:82C6EE6D 5@[ ?@C 5@ E96J 92G6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]````^255]`e_ebQmE96 D2>6 E@I:4 496>:42=Dk^2m E92E 2C6 7@F?5 :? 4:82C6EE6D] $>@<:?8 :?G@=G6D 3FC?:?8 @C82?:4 >2E6C:2=[ H9:49 C6=62D6D 42?46C\42FD:?8 A@==FE2?EDj G2A:?8 5@6D ?@E]k^Am
kAm'2A6D 42? 4@?E2:? A@E6?E:2==J 92C>7F= 496>:42=D[ 3FE E96D6 2C6 FDF2==J :? >F49 =@H6C 2>@F?ED E92? E9@D6 7@F?5 :? 4:82C6EE6D] }:4@E:?6 :D 2? 255:4E:G6 496>:42=[ 3FE :E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]````^255]`e_ebQm5@6D ?@E @? :ED @H? 42FD6 42?46Ck^2m] %96 usp’D C68F=2E:@? 2?5 @G6CD:89E @7 G2A6D :D :>A@CE2?E 7@C AF3=:4 D276EJ] pD @7 |2J a_ae[ E96 usp 92D 2AAC@G65 cd G2A:?8 AC@5F4ED E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]752]8@G^E@3244@\AC@5F4ED^>2C<6E\2?5\5:DEC:3FE6\E@3244@\AC@5F4E^6\4:82C6EE6D\G2A6D\2?5\@E96C\6=64EC@?:4\?:4@E:?6\56=:G6CJ\DJDE6>D\6?5D\2FE9@C:K65\752Qm42? 36 =2H7F==J D@=5 :? E96 &]$]k^2mk^Am
kAm~? E96 @E96C 92?5[ E96 &]$] :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^ECFE9:?:E:2E:G6]@C8^C6D62C49\C6D@FC46D^6>6C8:?8\E@3244@\AC@5F4ED^>@?:E@C:?8\492?8:?8\E@3244@\AC@5F4E\>2C<6E\F?:E65Qm7=@@565 H:E9 :==682= G2A6Dk^2m[ :?4=F5:?8 4@=@C7F= 56G:46D >2?F724EFC65 :? r9:?2] xE 42? 36 5:77:4F=E E@ <?@H H92E :D :? :==682= G2A6D]k^Am
kAmq642FD6 G2A:?8 :D ?@E C:D<\7C66 3FE 92D 2 =@H6C C6=2E:G6 C:D< E92? D>@<:?8[ :E AC6D6?ED 2? :?4C62D65 C:D< 7@C A6@A=6 H9@ 5@ ?@E @E96CH:D6 FD6 E@3244@ @C D>@<6[ 3FE 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2DD6ED]AF3=:D9:?8]D6CG:46]8@G]F<^>65:2^ebbceh74g72g7d_ee5ag6`2a^}:4@E:?6\G2A:?8\:?\t?8=2?5\a_aa\C6A@CE]A57Qm564C62D65 C:D< 7@C A6@A=6 H9@ D>@<6k^2m]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQ{2C86 G2A6 42CEC:586 D:EE:?8 2E@A E9C66 4:82C6EE6DQ DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fbea`f^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_d`d\eb\KE@cI3];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m%96C6’D ?@ BF6DE:@? E92E G2A6D 2C6 =6DD 92C>7F= E92? 4:82C6EE6D] qFE E92E 5@6D?’E >62? G2A6D 2C6?’E 92C>7F=] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^A9@E@^3:8\6=64EC@?:4\4:82C6EE6D\:D@=2E65\@?\H9:E6\C@J2=EJ\7C66\:>286^`bb``hbehhnA9C2D6lG2A6DU2>AjD62C49D4@A6l:>286Tar7:=>U2>Aj25AA@AFAlECF6Qm(:EE92J2 !C2D@?8D:?^|@>6?E G:2 v6EEJ x>286Dk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9amu=2G@C65 G2A6D 2EEC24E ?6H FD6CD[ 6DA64:2==J J@FE9k^9am
kAmu=2G@C65 G2A6D 42? :?4=F56 >6?E9@= 2?5 >:?E[ 7CF:E 2?5 DH66E 7=2G@CD 2?5 4@?46AE 7=2G@CD H:E9 ?2>6D =:<6 “;2KK[” “D@=2C[” “7FD:@?” 2?5 “F?:4@C? AF<6]” ~E96C 7=2G@C65 G2A6D 2C6 @7E6? A24<2865 :? 3C:89E 2?5 2AA62=:?8 4@=@CD[ 6G6? :7 E96J 5@ ?@E :?4=F56 6IA=:4:E 7=2G@C 56D4C:AE:@? H@C5D]k^Am
kAm%96 C646?E usp 564:D:@? E@ 2AAC@G6 EH@ 7CF:E\ 2?5 DH66E\7=2G@C65 ?:4@E:?6 G2A6D[ H9:49 92G6 E96 4@=@C\4@565 ?2>6D @7 “$2AA9:C6” 2?5 “v@=5[” :D 2 A@E6?E:2==J D:8?:7:42?E 6IA2?D:@? @7 E96 usp’D 2AAC@249 E@ 2FE9@C:K:?8 6\4:82C6EE6D]k^Am
kAm#6D62C49 D9@HD E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]````^255]f__`fQm7=2G@C65 G2A6D 2EEC24E ?6H FD6CDk^2m[ :?4=F5:?8 J@F?8 A6@A=6 H9@ 5@ ?@E 92G6 2 9:DE@CJ @7 D>@<:?8 E@3244@] xE 2=D@ D9@HD E92E 6IA6C:>6?E:?8 H:E9 7=2G@CD :?4C62D6D E96 2AA62= @7 G2A6D 2>@?8 25@=6D46?ED] *@F?8 A6@A=6 @7E6? E9:?< 7CF:E\7=2G@C65 G2A6D 2C6 =6DD 92C>7F= E92? E@3244@\7=2G@C65 G2A6D]k^Am
k9amu=2G@C65 G2A6D >:89E 96=A A6@A=6 BF:E D>@<:?8k^9am
kAmu=2G@C65 G2A6D 42? 2EEC24E J@FE9[ 3FE E96J 42? 2=D@ 2AA62= E@ A6@A=6 H9@ D>@<6] u@C A6@A=6 H9@ D>@<6[ DH:E49:?8 E@ ?:4@E:?6 G2A6D 42? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]````^255]`e_ebQm5:>:?:D9 E96:C 6IA@DFC6 E@ 42?46C\42FD:?8 496>:42=Dk^2m 2?5 A@E6?E:2==J =@H6C E96:C =:<6=:9@@5 @7 E@3244@\C6=2E65 5:D62D6]k^Am
kAm#6D62C496CD C68F=2C=J 2DD6DD E96 D4:6?E:7:4 6G:56?46 @? H96E96C 6\4:82C6EE6D 42? 96=A A6@A=6 DE@A D>@<:?8] #68F=2C=J FA52E65 6G:56?46 24C@DD >@C6 E92? 2 9F?5C65 DEF5:6D 4@?E:?F6D E@ D9@H E92E ?:4@E:?6 G2A6D 42? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]463>]@I]24]F<^C6D62C49^6=64EC@?:4\4:82C6EE6D\7@C\D>@<:?8\46DD2E:@?\4@49C2?6\=:G:?8\DJDE6>2E:4\C6G:6H\`Qm96=A A6@A=6 H9@ FD6 4:82C6EE6D E@ BF:E D>@<:?8k^2m]k^Am
kAmw@H6G6C[ C6D62C496CD 5@?’E J6E <?@H H96E96C @C 9@H 255:?8 7=2G@CD E@ G2A6D >:89E 27764E D>@<:?8 2?5 G2A:?8] (9:=6 7CF:EJ 2?5 DH66E 7=2G@CD 42? 36 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]````^255]`efbeQm2AA62=:?8 E@ A6@A=6 H9@ D>@<6k^2m[ E@3244@ 2?5 >6?E9@= 7=2G@CD 2C6 D@>6E:>6D >@C6 A@AF=2C 2>@?8 @=56C A6@A=6 H9@ 92G6 2 9:DE@CJ @7 D>@<:?8 E@3244@]k^Am
kAmpD E96 C646?E 4=2D9 36EH66? %CF>A 2?5 |2<2CJ D9@HD[ E96 5632E6 @G6C 7=2G@C65 G2A6D 4@?E:?F6D] (92E6G6C E96 @FE4@>6[ :E C6>2:?D :>A@CE2?E E92E 564:D:@?D >256 23@FE G2A6D 2C6 32D65 @? D4:6?E:7:4 6G:56?46[ 2?5 E92E E96 C62D@?D 369:?5 A@=:4J 564:D:@?D 2C6 4@>>F?:42E65 67764E:G6=J E@ E96 AF3=:4]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^4=2:C6\=\>2\aedge__nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQmr=2:C6 {] |2k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\>:49:82?\`ah_nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQm&?:G6CD:EJ @7 |:49:82?k^2mk^6>mj k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^9@==J\;2C>2?\hgfccnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQmw@==J y2C>2?k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\>:49:82?\`ah_nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQm&?:G6CD:EJ @7 |:49:82?k^2mk^6>m[ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^;2>:6\92CE>2??\3@J46\dag_ahnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQmy2>:6 w2CE>2??\q@J46k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F>2DD\2>96CDE\`debnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQm&|2DD p>96CDEk^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^H9J\:D\E96\752\D66<:?8\E@\32?\>6?E9@=\4:82C6EE6D\c\BF6DE:@?D\2?DH6C65\`gadgbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQm(9J :D E96 usp D66<:?8 E@ 32? >6?E9@= 4:82C6EE6Dn c BF6DE:@?D 2?DH6C65k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^752\2FE9@C:K65\E96\D2=6\@7\>6?E9@=\7=2G@C65\6\4:82C6EE6D\2\962=E9\A@=:4J\6IA6CE\6IA=2:?D\9@H\E96\36?67:ED\>2J\@FEH6:89\E96\C:D<D\abb_dfnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQmusp 2FE9@C:K65 E96 D2=6 @7 >6?E9@=‑7=2G@C65 6‑4:82C6EE6D – 2 962=E9 A@=:4J 6IA6CE 6IA=2:?D 9@H E96 36?67:ED >2J @FEH6:89 E96 C:D<Dk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^E96\752\2?5\;FF=\2C6\7:89E:?8\@G6C\2\G2A6\32?\3FE\E96\C@=6\@7\6\4:82C6EE6D\:?\E96\H@C=5\@7\E@3244@\23FD6\:D\?@E\4=62C\4FE\`gdgbenFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agb_cgQm%96 usp 2?5 yFF= 2C6 7:89E:?8 @G6C 2 G2A6 32?[ 3FE E96 C@=6 @7 6‑4:82C6EE6D :? E96 H@C=5 @7 E@3244@ 23FD6 :D ?@E 4=62C‑4FEk^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?mr=2:C6 {] |2 :D 2 !@DE5@4E@C2= #6D62C49 u6==@H 2E E96 r6?E6C 7@C E96 pDD6DD>6?E @7 %@3244@ #68F=2E:@?D[ H96C6 D96 =625D C6D62C49 5:DD6>:?2E:@? 677@CED 7@C E96 !@=:4J p?2=JD:D 2?5 s:DD6>:?2E:@? r@C6] w6C C6D62C49 :D 7F?565 3J E96 usp 2?5 }xw E9C@F89 2 u656C2= 8C2?E E@ E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |:49:82? $49@@= @7 !F3=:4 w62=E9] sC] |2 5@6D ?@E C646:G6 2?J 7F?5:?8 7C@> E96 E@3244@ @C G2A:?8 :?5FDEC:6D]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?mw@==J y2C>2? :D E96 r@\{625 @7 E96 !@=:4J 2?5 s:DD6>:?2E:@? r@C6 7@C E96 r6?E6C 7@C E96 pDD6DD>6?E @7 %@3244@ #68F=2E:@?D WrpD%@#X 2E E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |:49:82? 2?5 C646:G6D 7F?5:?8 7C@> E96 }xw 2?5 usp 7@C E92E H@C<] y2C>2? 5@6D ?@E C646:G6 2?J 7F?5:?8 7C@> E96 E@3244@ @C G2A:?8 :?5FDEC:6D]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?my2>:6 w2CE>2??\q@J46 C646:G6D 7F?5:?8 7C@> E96 }xw[ usp[ %CFE9 x?:E:2E:G6[ r2?46C #6D62C49 &z 2?5 E96 |2DD249FD6EED s6A2CE>6?E @7 w62=E9 7@C C6D62C49 C6=2E65 E@ E@3244@ 4@?EC@=] $96 5@6D ?@E C646:G6 2?J 7F?5:?8 7C@> E@3244@ @C G2A:?8 :?5FDEC:6D]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^agb_cg^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
