For many southwestern Pennsylvania students, this school year has already included days away from the classroom because of the buildings themselves. Mold has closed schools in at least four districts, and early September heat pushed 35 Pittsburgh Public Schools buildings to remote learning.
The problems aren’t limited to the region: A 2025 statewide study found that environmental hazards, including mold, lead and radon, are widespread in Pennsylvania schools.
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp =:?6 @7 DEF56?ED H2=<:?8 E9C@F89 2 D49@@= 92==H2J]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fe`gbe^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_hab\e_\8gHg6H];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?m~=56C D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D 42? 92C3@C 92K2C5D DF49 2D >@=5[ =625 2?5 2D36DE@D E92E ?6H6C 4@?DECF4E:@? 2G@:5D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^DEF56?ED\H2=<:?8\E96\92==H2JD\2C6\D66?\763CF2CJ\a`\2E\?6HD\A9@E@^cfdb`dcbfn25AA@AFAlECF6Qm!2F= y] #:492C5D^pu! r@==64E:@? G:2 v6EEJ x>286D G:2 %96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm%96 286 2?5 FA<66A @7 E96D6 D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D 27764E DEF56?ED’ 962=E9 2?5 E96:C 23:=:EJ E@ =62C?] z:5D DA6?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A6HC6D62C49]@C8^D9@CE\C625D^a_`c^_h^_a^D49@@=\52JD\9@H\E96\F\D\4@>A2C6D\H:E9\@E96C\4@F?EC:6D^Qm>@C6 E92? `[___ 9@FCDk^2m :? D49@@= 6249 J62Cj DEF56?ED E6?5 E@ 5@ 36EE6C :? D49@@=D H:E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6A2]8@G^:2B\D49@@=D^9@H\5@6D\:?5@@C\2:C\BF2=:EJ\:>A24E\DEF56?E\962=E9\2?5\24256>:4\A6C7@C>2?46Qm962=E9J :?5@@C 6?G:C@?>6?EDk^2m]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^D49@=2C]8@@8=6]4@>^4:E2E:@?DnFD6Cl$7J!ABcppppyU2>Aj9=l6?Qmx’> 2? 6A:56>:@=@8:DEk^2m H9@ DEF5:6D 9@H 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 6IA@DFC6D 27764E 962=E9[ H:E9 2 7@4FD @? H6DE6C? !6??DJ=G2?:2]k^Am
k9am$:4< @=5 724:=:E:6Dk^9am
kAm|@=5 42FD65 E96 >@DE H:56DAC625 5:DCFAE:@?D] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]HE26]4@>^2CE:4=6^>@?6DD6?\D49@@=\5:DEC:4E\56=2JD\DE2CE\a_ae\a_af\7F?82=\8C@HE9^fbccadbfQm|@?6DD6? r:EJ $49@@= s:DEC:4Ek^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]96C2=5DE2?52C5]4@>^?6HD^=@42=0?6HD^a_ae^D6A^`d^C6>65:2E:@?\HC2AD\FA\2E\=2FC6=\9:89=2?5D\>:55=6\D49@@=^Qm{2FC6= w:89=2?5D |:55=6 $49@@=k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=2EC@363F==6E:??6HD]4@>^?6HD^=GD5\C6@A6?D\C6>2:?:?8\EH@\D49@@=D\2D\>@=5\C6>@G2=\HC2AD\FA^2CE:4=60ggc_cha4\27eg\cdh`\3f`a\e_`h4fc55fhd]9E>=Qm{:8@?:6C '2==6J $49@@= s:DEC:4Ek^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]43D?6HD]4@>^A:EED3FC89^?6HD^9@>6C\46?E6C\D49@@=\5:DEC:4E\56=2JD\D49@@=\>@=5^Qmw@>6C\r6?E6C $49@@= s:DEC:4Ek^2m 2== 56=2J65 E96 DE2CE @7 D49@@= E9:D J62C @C 42?46=65 :?\A6CD@? 4=2DD6D 5F6 E@ >@=5 :? D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D E92E ?66565 E@ 36 C6>@G65]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^4:E:K6?A@CE2=]2:^2CE:4=6D^fg`bccc^A6??DJ=G2?:2^D49@@=\5:DEC:4ED^46?EC2=\G2==6J\D5^DFA6C:?E6?56?E\@FE=:?6D\2D36DE@D\232E6>6?E\2E\9:89\D49@@=\H@C<\E@\368:?\>2J\cQmr6?EC2= '2==6J $49@@= s:DEC:4Ek^2m :? q62G6C r@F?EJ :D 4FCC6?E=J F?56C 4@?DECF4E:@? 7@C 2D36DE@D 232E6>6?E :? :ED >:55=6\ 2?5 9:89\D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D – 3@E9 3F:=E :? E96 `he_D] $EF56?ED 2C6 DE:== 2EE6?5:?8 D49@@= :? 3@E9 3F:=5:?8D 56DA:E6 E96 232E6>6?E]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp D:8? 6IA=2:?:?8 E96 52?86C @7 2D36DE@D :D E2A65 E@ 2 5F>ADE6C]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fe`gbd^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_hab\d_\:=hc:3];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?mpD36DE@D 364@>6D 2 962=E9 92K2C5 H96? 52>2865 @C 5:DEFC365 >2E6C:2=D C6=62D6 7:36CD :?E@ E96 2:C] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^A9@E@^52?86C\2D36DE@D\D:8?\C@J2=EJ\7C66\:>286^aagbc`dgefnA9C2D6l2D36DE@DTa_232E6>6?ETa_U2>AjD62C49D4@A6l:>286[7:=>Qm(:==:2> |@C82?^:$E@4< r@==64E:@? G:2 v6EEJ x>286D !=FDk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm%96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]43D?6HD]4@>^A:EED3FC89^?6HD^A:EED3FC89\AF3=:4\D49@@=D\C6>@E6\=62C?:?8\6IEC6>6\962E^Qm!:EED3FC89 !F3=:4 $49@@=Dk^2m 2=D@ 4=@D65 2== D49@@=D :? =2E6 pF8FDE[ >@G:?8 E@ C6>@E6 =62C?:?8[ 3642FD6 @7 2 962E H2G6] qF:=5:?8D 6:E96C 5:5 ?@E 92G6 @C 4@F=5 ?@E AC@G:56 256BF2E6 4@@=:?8 E@ 6?DFC6 DEF56?ED H6C6 :? 2 D276[ 962=E9J 6?G:C@?>6?E 7@C =62C?:?8]k^Am
kAm%96 2G6C286 286 @7 2 !6??DJ=G2?:2 D49@@= 3F:=5:?8 :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^H@>6?7@C2962=E9J6?G:C@?>6?E]@C8^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^a_ad^_g^$~$C6A@CEa_ad]`d]A57Qmf_ J62CDk^2m[ 23@FE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^H@>6?7@C2962=E9J6?G:C@?>6?E]@C8^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^a_ad^_g^$~$C6A@CEa_ad]`d]A57Qma_ J62CD @=56Ck^2m E92? E96 ?2E:@?2= 2G6C286] !:EED3FC89 !F3=:4 $49@@= 3F:=5:?8D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^4@>>F?:EJ]EC:3=:G6]4@>^4^36E96=\A2C<\;@FC?2=^?6HD^c`_ac_`Qm2G6C286 h_ J62CD @=5k^2m]k^Am
k9am|@=5 2?5 962=E9k^9am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6A2]8@G^>@=5^H92E\>@=5Qm|@=5Dk^2m 2C6 2 EJA6 @7 7F?8FD] %96J AC@5F46 E:?J D:?8=6\46== C6AC@5F4E:G6 F?:ED 42==65 DA@C6D[ 2?5 H96? E96J =2?5 :? 52>A :?5@@C 6?G:C@?>6?ED[ E96J 42? 8C@H 2?5 8C@H 2?5 8C@H] (96? E96C6 :D >@=5 :? 2 3F:=5:?8[ :E C6=62D6D DA@C6D[ 2==6C86?D 2?5 @E96C :CC:E2?ED E92E 42? 42FD6 3@E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^>@=5\962=E9^23@FE^:?56I]9E>=Qm:>>65:2E6 2?5 =@?8\E6C> 962=E9 67764EDk^2m]k^Am
kAm$9@CE\E6C> 6IA@DFC6 E@ >@=5 42? 42FD6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^?:@D9^>@=5^962=E9\AC@3=6>D^:?56I]9E>=QmD:?FD 4@?86DE:@?[ 4@F89:?8[ H966K:?8[ 6J6 :CC:E2E:@? 2?5 D<:? C2D96Dk^2m] {@?8\E6C> 6IA@DFC6 42? =625 E@ =@?8\E6C> 962=E9 4@?D6BF6?46D[ :?4=F5:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2I@?:?E68C2E:G6962=E9]4@>^3=@8D^E96\=@?8\E6C>\962=E9\67764ED\@7\>@=5\6IA@DFC6^Qm49C@?:4 3C@?49:E:D @C 2DE9>2[ :?7=2>>2E:@? @7 E96 =F?8D[ 96252496D[ >6>@CJ =@DD 2?5 72E:8F6k^2m]k^Am
kAm#6>65:2E:@? @7 >@=5 :D 2 492==6?8:?8 AC@46DD – @?6 E92E C6BF:C6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6A2]8@G^>@=5^3C:67\8F:56\>@=5\>@:DEFC6\2?5\J@FC\9@>6Qm:>>65:2E6 24E:@?k^2m[ 2D >@=5 DAC625D 72DE 2?5 5@6D >@C6 52>286 E@ AC@A6CEJ 2?5 962=E9 E96 =@?86C :E 8C@HD] qF:=5:?8D H:E9 >@=5 >FDE 4=62? FA @C C6>65:2E6 E96 >@=5 2?5 C6>@G6 E96 H2E6C @C >@:DEFC6 E92E :D E96 D@FC46 @7 E96 AC@3=6>[ @C 6=D6 E96 >@=5 H:== C6EFC?]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp J@F?8 3@J FD:?8 2? :?92=6C D:ED @? 2 36?49 H:E9 2? 25F=E]Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fe`gbf^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_hab\d_\gf6ae;];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]`U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>Aj7:El4=:AU2>AjHlfc_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?ms2>A[ >@=5J :?5@@C DA246D 42? C2:D6 E96 C:D< @7 2DE9>2 2?5 @E96C 3C62E9:?8 AC@3=6>D 3J 2D >F49 2D d_T[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 t!p] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^A9@E@^J@F?8\3=24<\3@J\H:E9\2DE9>2\E2=<:?8\H:E9\9:D\5@4E@C\C@J2=EJ\7C66\:>286^`ce`cfdbbcnA9C2D6l49:=5Ta_FD:?8Ta_:?92=6CU2>AjD62C49D4@A6l:>286[7:=>Qmu=J ':6H !C@5F4E:@?D^tZ r@==64E:@? G:2 v6EEJ x>286D G:2 %96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAm%96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2272]@C8^2==6C8:6D^EJA6D\@7\2==6C8:6D^>@=5\2==6C8J^QmpDE9>2 2?5 p==6C8J u@F?52E:@? @7 p>6C:42k^2m ?@E6D E92E >@=5 42? EC:886C D6G6C6 2DE9>2 2EE24<D :? 49:=5C6? 2=C625J DF776C:?8 7C@> 2DE9>2]k^Am
k9amw62E 2?5 962=E9k^9am
kAmsFC:?8 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]FD2E@52J]4@>^DE@CJ^?6HD^DE2E6^A6??DJ=G2?:2^A:EED3FC89^a_ae^_g^b`^A:EED3FC89\>2;@C\962E\D6AE6>36C\9@E\D49@@=\DE@C>D^h`dcc`_g__f^Qm$6AE6>36C a_ae 962E H2G6k^2m :? !6??DJ=G2?:2[ @FE5@@C E6>A6C2EFC6D :? E96 !:EED3FC89 2C62 C624965 E96 h_D] &?56C :ED k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A89D49@@=D]@C8^23@FE^56=2JD\2?5\4=@DFC6DQm6IEC6>6 962E AC@E@4@=k^2m[ !:EED3FC89 !F3=:4 $49@@=D >@?:E@CD 4=2DDC@@> E6>A6C2EFC6D 5FC:?8 962E H2G6D 2?5 4@?D:56CD C6>@E6 =62C?:?8 H96? :?DECF4E:@?2= DA246D C6249 h_ 568C66D @C 9:896C]k^Am
kAmw:89 :?5@@C E6>A6C2EFC6D 42? >2<6 DEF56?ED F?4@>7@CE23=6 2?5 C2:D6 E96 C:D< @7 962E\C6=2E65 :==?6DD] %96 3@5J’D 23:=:EJ E@ C68F=2E6 :ED E6>A6C2EFC6 :? 6IEC6>6=J 9@E 6?G:C@?>6?ED :D =:>:E65] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H9@]:?E^?6HD\C@@>^724E\D966ED^56E2:=^4=:>2E6\492?86\962E\2?5\962=E9Qmw62E 6I92FDE:@? 2?5 962EDEC@<6k^2m 2C6 EH@ 4@>>@? 962=E9 67764ED E92E @44FC H96? 2? :?5:G:5F2= :D F?23=6 E@ C68F=2E6 E96:C E6>A6C2EFC6]k^Am
kAmpD E96 3@5J EC:6D E@ 4@@= :ED6=7[ :E AFED DEC2:? @? 3@E9 E96 962CE 2?5 <:5?6JD] pD 2 C6DF=E[ 962E H2G6D 42? >2<6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H9@]:?E^?6HD\C@@>^724E\D966ED^56E2:=^4=:>2E6\492?86\962E\2?5\962=E9Qm49C@?:4 4@?5:E:@?D H@CD6 2?5 42FD6 24FE6 <:5?6J :?;FC:6Dk^2m]k^Am
kAmw62E 2=D@ 27764ED =62C?:?8] p DEF5J @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?36C]@C8^A2A6CD^HacebhQm`_ >:==:@? DEF56?EDk^2m H9@ E@@< E96 !$p% 7@F?5 E92E 6249 ` 568C66 u29C6?96:E :?4C62D6 :? 2G6C286 D49@@=\J62C E6>A6C2EFC6 C65F465 =62C?:?8 E92E J62C 3J 23@FE `T]k^Am
k9am~E96C C:D<D :? @=56C D49@@=Dk^9am
kAmv:G6? E96 286 @7 D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D :? !6??DJ=G2?:2[ >2?J 3F:=5:?8D =:<6=J 4@?E2:? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4:EJ2?5DE2E6A2]4@>^A@=:E:4D^a_ad^_g^DEF5J\A2\D49@@=D\A=28F65\H:56DAC625\=625\>@=5\C25@?\2?5\@E96C\6?G:C@?>6?E2=\92K2C5D^c_fdeh^Qm=625 A2:?E @C A:A6D 2D H6== 2D 2D36DE@D 2?5 D@>6E:>6D C25@?k^2m]k^Am
kAm{625 :D 2 ?2EFC2==J @44FCC:?8 >6E2= H9:49[ H96? :?86DE65[ 42? 42FD6 ?6FC@=@8:42= AC@3=6>D] {625 A@:D@?:?8 42? 42FD6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]>2J@4=:?:4]@C8^5:D62D6D\4@?5:E:@?D^=625\A@:D@?:?8^DJ>AE@>D\42FD6D^DJ4\a_bdcf`fQm=62C?:?8 5:D23:=:E:6D 2?5 56G6=@A>6?E2= 56=2JDk^2m]k^Am
kAmw62=E9 @77:4:2=D D2J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==6896?J7C@?E]@C8^=625\E6DE:?8\:D?E\C6BF:C65\7@C\A2\D49@@=\H2E6C\7@F?E2:?D\=2H>2<6CD\H2?E\E@\492?86\E92E^Qm?@ 2>@F?E @7 =625 :D D276 7@C 49:=5C6?k^2m] x? D49@@=D[ =625 42? 4@>6 7C@> 56E6C:@C2E:?8 A2:?E @C 7C@> @=5 A=F>3:?8[ H96C6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A2]8@G^286?4:6D^65F42E:@?^AC@8C2>D\2?5\D6CG:46D^D49@@=D^D276\D49@@=D^=2HD\2?5\C68F=2E:@?D^=625\:?\5C:?<:?8\H2E6C]9E>=QmH2E6C E92E D:ED F?FD65 :? A:A6D 42? A:4< FA =625k^2m] !6??DJ=G2?:2 D49@@=D 2C6?’E C6BF:C65 E@ E6DE E96:C H2E6C 7@C =625 2D =@?8 2D E96J 5:D4FDD E96 :DDF6 2E 2? 2??F2= AF3=:4 >66E:?8[ 2?5 2 AC@G:D:@? :? E9:D J62C’D DE2E6 3F586E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DA@E=:89EA2]@C8^?6HD^a_ae^_f^=625\E6DE:?8\D49@@=D\A6??DJ=G2?:2\C6=2I\DE2?52C5D\7=2H65\=2H\65F42E:@?^Qm=@@D6?65 C6A@CE:?8 CF=6Dk^2m 7@C D49@@=D E92E 5@ E6DE]k^Am
kAmpD36DE@D :D 2 8C@FA @7 7:3C@FD DF3DE2?46D E92E 2C6 3@E9 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H9@]:?E^?6HD\C@@>^724E\D966ED^56E2:=^2D36DE@DQm7:C6 C6D:DE2?E 2?5 42C4:?@86?:4k^2m] $EF56?ED 4@F=5 36 6IA@D65 E@ 2D36DE@D :? @=56C 3F:=5:?8D :7 A:A6D[ 3@:=6CD @C 5F4ED 2C6 ?@E AC@A6C=J >2:?E2:?65] %96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]8@G:?7@]8@G^4@?E6?E^A<8^&$r~st\a__h\E:E=6`d^9E>=^&$r~st\a__h\E:E=6`d\492Adb\DF3492Axx]9E>QmpD36DE@D w2K2C5 t>6C86?4J #6DA@?D6 p4Ek^2m C6BF:C6D AF3=:4 D49@@= 5:DEC:4ED E@ :?DA64E D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D 7@C 2D36DE@D\4@?E2:?:?8 >2E6C:2=D 2?5 AC6A2C6 2 >2?286>6?E A=2? E@ AC6G6?E 2?5 C65F46 6IA@DFC6 E@ 2D36DE@D]k^Am
kAm#25@? :D 2 ?2EFC2==J @44FCC:?8 4@=@C=6DD[ @5@C=6DD 82D E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]42?46C]@C8^42?46C^C:D<\AC6G6?E:@?^C25:2E:@?\6IA@DFC6^C25@?]9E>=Qm42? 42FD6 =F?8 42?46Ck^2m] xE D66AD :?E@ @=56C D49@@= 3F:=5:?8D E9C@F89 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]454]8@G^C25@?^23@FE^:?56I]9E>=Qm4C24<D :? E96 7@F?52E:@? 2?5 @A6? 5C2:?Dk^2m] %96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6A2]8@G^C25@?^C25@?\D49@@=DQmt?G:C@?>6?E2= !C@E64E:@? p86?4J 6DE:>2E6Dk^2m E92E ?62C=J ` :? d D49@@=D 92D 2E =62DE @?6 4=2DDC@@> H:E9 2 D9@CE\E6C> C25@? =6G6= 23@G6 E96 24E:@? =6G6= @7 4@?46C?] $49@@=D D9@F=5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]=F?8]@C8^4=62?\2:C^:?5@@C\2:C^:?5@@C\2:C\A@==FE2?ED^C25@?^D49@@=DQm>@?:E@C C25@? =6G6=D C68F=2C=J 2?5 7:Ik^2m 2?J 9:89 =6G6=D H:E9 >:E:82E:@? DJDE6>D]k^Am
k9amvC@H:?8 3@5:6D[ 8C62E6C C:D<Dk^9am
kAm“k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]C2496=42CD@?]@C8^D:=6?E\DAC:?8Qm$:=6?E $AC:?8k^2m[” HC:EE6? 3J !:EED3FC89\2C62 ?2E:G6 #2496= r2CD@?[ H2D AF3=:D965 ec J62CD 28@ E9:D >@?E9]k^Am
kAm%96 3@@< 56D4C:36D 2 DAC:?8 H96? 3:C5D’ D@?8D 42??@E 36 962C5 3642FD6 @7 E@I:4 496>:42=D :? E96:C 6?G:C@?>6?E] xE 5@4F>6?ED E96 6?G:C@?>6?E2= :>A24E @? 9F>2? 962=E9 2?5 E96 962=E9 @7 E96 3:C5D] r2CD@? >256 :E 6G6C\D@ 4=62C E92E @FC 6?G:C@?>6?E 92D 2 D:8?:7:42?E :>A24E @? @FC 962=E9]k^Am
kAm~?6 @7 E96 32D:4 E6?6ED @7 6?G:C@?>6?E2= E@I:4@=@8J :D E92E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A69E]F4D7]65F^4@?46AE056E2:=]A9AnE@A:4l4@?46AE`Qm49:=5C6? 2C6 ?@E D>2== 25F=EDk^2m] %9:D ECFE9 H2D >256 4=62C :? “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^D:=6?E\DAC:?8\e_\J62CD\@?\c\6DD6?E:2=\C625D\@?\A6DE:4:56D\2?5\E96\6?G:C@?>6?E\`haabaQm$:=6?E $AC:?8k^2m[” H96C6 r2CD@?’D 46?EC2= H2C?:?8 H2D E92E 496>:42=D :? E96 6?G:C@?>6?E 6?5 FA :? @FC 3@5:6D] u@C 49:=5C6?[ H9@D6 3@5:6D 2C6 DE:== 56G6=@A:?8[ E92E 6IA@DFC6 42? 42CCJ 8C62E6C C:D<D]k^Am
kAm%96 67764ED @7 >@=5 2C6 6DA64:2==J 92C5 @? E96 56G6=@A:?8 2:CH2JD @7 49:=5C6?] r9:=5C6? 92G6 2 9:896C D6?D:E:G:EJ E@ ?@E ;FDE >@=5 DA@C6D 3FE 2=D@ :?5@@C 52>A?6DD]k^Am
kAmw62=E9J :?5@@C 6?G:C@?>6?ED 2C6 6DD6?E:2= 7@C DEF56?E =62C?:?8] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]6A2]8@G^D49@@=DQmu656C2=k^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A2]8@G^286?4:6D^962=E9^AC@8C2>D^D49@@=\962=E9^6?G:C@?>6?E2=QmDE2E6k^2m 962=E9[ 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 2?5 65F42E:@?2= 56A2CE>6?ED @776C 2 C2?86 @7 D6CG:46D[ 65F42E:@?2= >2E6C:2=D 2?5 8C2?ED E@ DFAA@CE D49@@=D E92E H2?E E@ :>AC@G6 E96 :?5@@C 6?G:C@?>6?ED]k^Am
kAmk6>m#625 >@C6 @7 @FC DE@C:6D 23@FE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FD^A:EED3FC89\?6HDQm!:EED3FC89 2?5 !6??DJ=G2?:2k^2m]k^6>mk^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ahadccQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^C636442\D>F==:?\52HD@?\`cbehe_nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ahadccQm#636442 $>F==:? s2HD@?k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^2==6896?J\4@==686\a_c`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ahadccQmp==6896?J r@==686k^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^6A2\D2JD\C6A62=:?8\A@H6C\A=2?E\6>:DD:@?D\CF=6D\H:==\D2G6\3:==:@?D\3FE\:ED\6DE:>2E6\=62G6D\@FE\962=E9\2?5\4=:>2E6\4@DED\aha_d`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ahadccQmt!p D2JD C6A62=:?8 A@H6C A=2?E 6>:DD:@?D CF=6D H:== D2G6 3:==:@?D – 3FE :ED 6DE:>2E6 =62G6D @FE 962=E9 2?5 4=:>2E6 4@DEDk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^5:DEC:4E\D49@@=\3@2C5D\92G6\364@>6\A@=:E:42=\9@E365D\7@C\3@@<\32?D\2?5\>@C6\96C6D\H92E\E96J\24EF2==J\5@\afhhdbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ahadccQms:DEC:4E D49@@= 3@2C5D 92G6 364@>6 A@=:E:42= 9@E365D 7@C 3@@< 32?D 2?5 >@C6 – 96C6’D H92E E96J 24EF2==J 5@k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^=:G6\962=E9:6C\:?\a_ae\3J\3C62E9:?8\4=62?6C\2:C\2E\9@>6\af`cfcnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\ahadccQm{:G6 962=E9:6C :? a_ae 3J 3C62E9:?8 4=62?6C 2:C 2E 9@>6k^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m#636442 $>F==:? s2HD@? 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^ahadcc^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
