Why is gynecology still using a Civil War-era tool?

kAm%2J=@C %@H?D6== C6>6>36CD 96C ~qv*} C62DDFC:?8 96C E92E 96C x&s :?D6CE:@? H@F=5 766= =:<6 “;FDE 2 A:?49]” %96 A2:? 42>6 2 DA=:E D64@?5 =2E6C] %96 ba\J62C\@=5 56D4C:365 :E E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]ECFE95:8]4@>^Qm%CFE95:8k^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^`hE9?6HD]@C8^Qm`hE9 }6HDk^2m :? DE:==\G:G:5 56E2:=i “qC:89E[ 6=64EC:4[ 2D :7 >J 3@5J 925 364@>6 ?@E9:?8 3FE ?6CG6 6?5:?8D]” $96 A2DD65 @FE]k^Am

kAm$:I J62CD =2E6C[ :? a_ab[ 2D E96 E:>6 E@ 86E 2 ?6H x&s :?D6CE65 42>6 4=@D6C 2?5 4=@D6C[ %@H?D6== 8C6H :?4C62D:?8=J E6CC:7:65] u@C >65:42= C62D@?D[ E96 x&s H2D E96 @?=J 4@?EC246AE:G6 2G2:=23=6 E@ 96C — “E9@F89 >J 5@4E@C :? %6??6DD66 5:5 DF886DE 23DE:?6?46[” D96 ?@E65] “x 76=E A@H6C=6DD[” D96 D2:5]k^Am

kAm%@H?D6== H2?E65 E@ F?56CDE2?5 H92E 925 92AA6?65 E@ 96C 324< :? a_`f 2?5 7:8FC6 @FE H96E96C E96 A2:? 4@F=5 36 2G@:565 E9:D E:>6 2C@F?5] ~? x?DE28C2>’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]:?DE28C2>]4@>^6IA=@C6^D62C49^<6JH@C5^nBlTab:F5:?D6CE:@?QmRx&s:?D6CE:@?k^2m[ D96 42>6 24C@DD A2E:6?E E6DE:>@?:6D ;FDE =:<6 96CD] $@>6 6G6? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]9F77A@DE]4@>^6?ECJ^:F5\:?D6CE:@?\E6?24F=F>\A2:?\>2?286>6?E0?0ea4d5bde6c3_cd`egcd5ec3fQm7:=>65 E96>D6=G6D 5FC:?8 E96 AC@465FC6k^2mi 4CJ:?8[ G@>:E:?8[ 72:?E:?8[ 3=665:?8 E9C@F89 A2A6C 8@H?D]k^Am

kAm%@H?D6== =62C?65 E92E E96 D@FC46 @7 96C A2:? H2D ?@E 96C x&s :ED6=7 3FE E96 :?DECF>6?E FD65 E@ :?D6CE :Ei E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]>A>>65:42=DFAA=J]4@>^AC@5F4ED^D49C@656C\E6?24F=F>\7@C46ADnDCD=E:5lp7>q~@AxI5&C=Ax5zdr>>FK@d_!6@u'H$de<B6I6%s?p{eD:xy:='|2$QmE6?24F=F> 7@C46ADk^2m] %9:D H2D 96C 7:CDE E:>6 962C:?8 23@FE E96 E6?24F=F>[ =6E 2=@?6 D66:?8 :E] “x D@CE @7 F?56CDE2?5 H9J E96J 5@?’E D9@H :E E@ FD 367@C6 FD:?8 :E :? FD[” D96 D2:5i “xE =@@<D >@C6 =:<6 2 >65:6G2= E@CEFC6 56G:46 E92? 2 8J?64@=@8:42= E@@=]”k^Am

kAm$92A65 =:<6 2 A2:C @7 >6E2= D4:DD@CD[ E96 E6?24F=F>’D D92CA[ A@:?E65 4=2HD[ 4FCG65 :?H2C5[ 8C23 @?E@ E96 46CG:I E@ DE23:=:K6 :E 2?5 8C2?E 62D:6C 2446DD :?E@ E96 FE6CFD] “%92E’D E96 A:?49 x’5 366? D@ 42DF2==J H2C?65 23@FE[” %@H?D6== C62=:K65 — E9@F89 D96 56D4C:365 :E >@C6 “=:<6 36:?8 DE2A=65 @? E96 :?D:56]”k^Am

kAmp 9:89=J 67764E:G6 E@@=[ E96 E6?24F=F> :D DE:== C@FE:?6=J FD65 H:E9@FE 2?6DE96D:2 @? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2DA:G:I]4@>^7@C\H@>6?^Qm`a_ >:==:@? A2E:6?ED 2 J62Ck^2m 7@C x&s :?D6CE:@?D[ 3:@AD:6D[ 9JDE6C@D4@A:6D[ 2?5 76CE:=:EJ EC62E>6?ED] xE 42FD6D >:=5 E@ D6G6C6 A2:? :? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2DA:G:I]4@>^7@C\H@>6?^Qmh_Tk^2m @7 A2E:6?ED 2?5 92D C6>2:?65 =2C86=J F?492?865 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6H=:?6D>28]4@>^6DD2JD^E96\>65:42=\:?DECF>6?E\369:?5\`bd\J62CD\@7\H@>6?D\A2:?^Qm7@C @G6C `bd J62CDk^2m]k^Am

kAm%9@F89 %@H?D6== 7:?2==J <?6H H9J D96’5 76=E DF49 A2:?[ D96 4@F=5?’E D66> E@ 7:?5 2 H2J 2C@F?5 :E] &?E:= @?6 52J[ 96C @?=:?6 D62C49 =65 96C E@ E96 H63D:E6 @7 2 >65:42= 56G:46 4@>A2?J ?2>65 pDA:G:I[ H9:49 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2DA:G:I]4@>^Qm4=2:>65k^2m E@ 36 “C6:>28:?:?8 8J?64@=@8J H:E9 ‘86?E=6’ :? >:?5]”k^Am

kAm%@H?D6== C625 2== 23@FE k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2DA:G:I]4@>^7@C\962=E942C6\AC@76DD:@?2=D^Qmr2C6G:Ik^2m[ 2 DF4E:@?\32D65 56G:46 E@ 2==6G:2E6 A2:? 5FC:?8 46CG:42= AC@465FC6D] %96 E6?24F=F>’D D92CA >6E2= 4=2HD H6C6 C6A=2465 H:E9 2 A=2DE:4 DF4E:@? H2?5[ H9:49 86?E=J DE23:=:K6D E96 46CG:I H:E9@FE A:6C4:?8 :E[ 5C2>2E:42==J C65F4:?8 A2:? 2?5 3=665:?8 5FC:?8 AC@465FC6D]k^Am

kAm“x <?6H E9:D H2D H92E x’5 366? =@@<:?8 7@C[” %@H?D6== D2:5]k^Am

k9bmpE J@FC 46CG:Ik^9bm

kAm%96 DE@CJ @7 pDA:G:I 368:?D[ :>AC@323=J 6?@F89[ H:E9 E9C66 >6?]k^Am

kAmqJ E96 >:5\a_`_D[ s2G:5 u:?4:[ 2 $H:DD ~qv*}[ 925 8C@H? :?4C62D:?8=J F?4@>7@CE23=6 FD:?8 E96 E6?24F=F> @? 9:D A2E:6?ED 5FC:?8 x&s :?D6CE:@?D] x<C2> vF6C5[ pDA:G:I’D 86?6C2= >2?286C 2?5 r|~[ D2:5 E92E u:?4: @7E6? 76=E “2D92>65” @7 9FCE:?8 9:D A2E:6?ED H:E9 2 E@@= E92E 925 366? 252AE65 7C@> 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6H=:?6D>28]4@>^6DD2JD^E96\>65:42=\:?DECF>6?E\369:?5\`bd\J62CD\@7\H@>6?D\A2:?^Qmr:G:= (2C\6C2 3F==6E 6IEC24E@Ck^2m]k^Am

kAm$6G6C2= 564256D 28@[ C6D62C496CD AC@G65 E92E E96 46CG:I :D 24EF2==J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^E96\46CG:I\:D\D6?D:E:G6\2?5\DFC86@?D\?665\E@\24<?@H=6586\E96\A2CE\:E\A=2JD\:?\D@>6\H@>6?D\A=62DFC6\`b`e`gQm56?D6 H:E9 ?6CG6 6?5:?8Dk^2m] %9@F89 E96 D4:6?46 92D 366? 4@CC64E65[ E96 :?DECF>6?E :ED6=7 92D?’E] %96 D2>6 8@6D 7@C E96 4@=5[ >6E2= DA64F=F>j k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^D64E:@?D^E96EH@\H2J^a_`g^_c^`f^e_b`ebbhc^\72E96C\@7\8J?64@=@8J\H9@\6IA6C:>6?E65\@?\D=2G6D\?@\=@?86C\@?\A656DE2=\:?\?J4QmE6DE65 @? 6?D=2G65 q=24< H@>6?k^2m 2?5 DE:== C@FE:?6=J 56D4C:365 2D E96 “42? @A6?6C” 3J F?4@>7@CE23=6 A2E:6?ED[ :E 4@?E:?F6D E@ 36 D@=5[ E2F89E[ 2?5 FD65[ @7E6? 2=@?8D:56 !@KK:’D 3F==6E 6IEC24E@C]k^Am

kAmx? a_`d[ u:?4: EFC?65 E@ 9:D 3C@E96C yF=:6? — 2 >65:42= 56G:46 6?8:?66C — 7@C 96=A 56D:8?:?8 2? 2=E6C?2E:G6 E@ E96 E6?24F=F>] %96J H6C6 D@@? ;@:?65 3J |2E9:6F w@CC2D[ 2 4@==628F6 7C@> E96 >65\E649 H@C=5] %@86E96C[ E96 EC:@ 3682? 6IA6C:>6?E:?8]k^Am

kAmr2C6G:I’D @C:8:?D 2C6 2=>@DE :>A=2FD:3=J 62C?6DE] x?DA:C65 3J E96 G24FF> AF>A FD65 :? @3DE6EC:42= AC@465FC6D E@ AF== E96 323J @FE 5FC:?8 5:77:4F=E 56=:G6C:6D[ u:?4: <?6H H92E 96 H2?E65 7C@> E96 DE2CEi E@ FD6 DF4E:@? C2E96C E92? 4=2HD E@ 8C23 2?5 9@=5 E96 46CG:I H:E9@FE A:6C4:?8 :E] “x 925 ?@ :562 H92E 2 46CG:I 6G6? =@@<65 =:<6[” 9:D 3C@E96C yF=:6? D2:5 H:E9 2 =2F89[ “D@ >J 7:CDE AC@E@EJA6 H2D 4@>A=6E6=J FAD:56 5@H?[ 2?5 E@E2==J F?FD23=6 @? 2? 24EF2= 46CG:I]” s2G:5 6G6?EF2==J DE6AA65 :?[ FD:?8 9:D <:5D’ !=2J\s@9 E@ >@56= 2 46CG:I 7@C yF=:6? E@ H@C< H:E9]k^Am

kAm%9:D @C:8:? DE@CJ 42AEFC6D 2 3C@256C 4@?EC25:4E:@? H:E9:? 8J?64@=@8J :ED6=7 — 2 7:6=5 9:DE@C:42==J D92A65 3J >6? 2EE6>AE:?8 E@ D@=G6 AC@3=6>D E96J 5:5 ?@E A9JD:42==J 6IA6C:6?46 2?5 @7E6? 5:5 ?@E 7F==J F?56CDE2?5] |2?J @7 E96 E649?@=@8:6D 2?5 AC@465FC6D 8@G6C?:?8 C6AC@5F4E:G6 42C6 2C6 DE:== 56D:8?65[ 7:?2?465[ 2?5 2AAC@G65 H:E9:? @G6CH96=>:?8=J >2=6 :?DE:EFE:@?2= DECF4EFC6D] pDA:G:I’D 7@F?56CD D66> 2H2C6 @7 E92E :>32=2?46[ 7C6BF6?E=J 4:E:?8 w@CC2D’D H:76[ 2 >:5H:76[ 2D 2 “4@?DE2?E D@FC46 @7 :?DA:C2E:@?” 5FC:?8 E96 56G:46’D 62C=J 56G6=@A>6?E]k^Am

kAm(96? E96 E9C66 >6? 7:?2==J 7:8FC65 @FE 2 56D:8?[ E96J BF:E E96:C ;@3D E@ =2F?49 pDA:G:I 7F==\E:>6 2?5 56G6=@A r2C6G:I — 2 A@CE>2?E62F @7 “42C6” 2?5 “46CG:I]”k^Am

kAmr2C6G:I H2D E6DE65 282:?DE E96 DE2?52C5 46CG:42= E6?24F=F> :? 2 C2?5@>:K65 4@?EC@==65 EC:2= :?G@=G:?8 `__ H@>6? F?56C8@:?8 x&s :?D6CE:@?[ H9@ H6C6 2D<65 E@ C2E6 E96:C A2:? =6G6=D E9C@F89@FE E96 AC@46DD] %96D6 EC:2=D 7@F?5 E92E r2C6G:I C65F465 A2:? 5FC:?8 x&s :?D6CE:@? 3J FA E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AF3>65]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^c`bbcdge^QmfbTk^2m 2?5 3=665:?8 3J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^45?]4=:?:42=EC:2=D]8@G^=2C86\5@4D^`f^}r%_fah_d`f^!C@E0$p!0___]A57QmfgTk^2m[ 4@>A2C65 E@ E96 E6?24F=F>]k^Am

kAmpDA:G:I 92D D:?46 8C@H? :?E@ 2 `c\A6CD@? E62> E92E :?4=F56D 6:89E H@>6?]k^Am

k9bm‘$6==:?8 32==6E D9@6D E@ 2 7@@E32== E62>‘k^9bm

kAms6G6=@A:?8 r2C6G:I H2D @?6 E9:?8] r@?G:?4:?8 7:?2?4:6CD E@ 4@?7C@?E 2? :?DECF>6?E >2?J 925 ?6G6C 962C5 @7[ 2?5 2 A2:? E96J 925 ?6G6C 6IA6C:6?465[ H2D 2?@E96C 6?E:C6=J]k^Am

kAm“w6C6 H6 H6C6[” yF=:6? D2:5[ “E9C66 >6? ECJ:?8 E@ A:E49 C@@>D 7F== @7 >2=6 :?G6DE@CD 2 E@@= >62?E E@ 2==6G:2E6 46CG:42= A2:?i :E H2D =:<6 ECJ:?8 E@ D6== 32==6E D9@6D E@ 2 7@@E32== E62>]”k^Am

kAm~G6C E96 A2DE EH@ 564256D[ DEF5:6D 92G6 C6A62E65=J 7@F?5 E92E H@>6? 2C6 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ 92G6 E96:C DJ>AE@>D >:?:>:K65[ 2EEC:3FE65 E@ 2?I:6EJ @C 6>@E:@?[ 2?5 EC62E65 =2E6C 2?5 =6DD 288C6DD:G6=J — A2CE:4F=2C=J H96? E96 A2:? :D 8J?64@=@8:42= :? @C:8:?]k^Am

kAm%@ 3C:586 E96 6>A2E9J 82A :? A@E6?E:2= :?G6DE@CD[ w@CC2D 3682? 42CCJ:?8 2? @=5 E6?24F=F> :? 9:D 328] sFC:?8 A:E49 >66E:?8D[ 96’5 A:?49 E96:C 7:?86CD H:E9 :E[ 2D<:?8 E96> E@ :>28:?6 E9:D D2>6 E@@= 36:?8 FD65 @? E96:C >@DE D6?D:E:G6 3:ED] “%96J E6?5 E@ 2== 4=@D6 E96:C =68D 2E @?46[” vF6C5 D2:5 H:E9 2 =2F89]k^Am

kAmvC@H:?8 >@C6 D6C:@FD[ vF6C5 25565i “%92E’D H96? H6 H@F=5 E6== E96> E92E H@>6? 92G6 D@>69@H 366? 6IA64E65 E@ ?@C>2=:K6 E9:D 6I24E D6?D2E:@? 7@C 46?EFC:6D[ H:E9@FE 2?6DE96D:2]” %@@ @7E6?[ :?G6DE@CD H@F=5 DE:== =62G6 E96 >66E:?8 H:E9 G28F6 AC@>:D6D E@ 2D< E96:C H:G6D @C 8:C=7C:6?5D 23@FE E96 E6?24F=F>[ D96 D2:5] “%96C6’D DE:== E9:D C67=6I H96C6 2?JE9:?8 :?G@=G:?8 E96 76>2=6 2?2E@>J :>>65:2E6=J 364@>6D ?:496[” vF6C5 D2:5]k^Am

kAm(92E pDA:G:I ?66565[ E96J D@@? C62=:K65[ H2D 2 DE@CJ] %96 E62> 3682? E6==:?8 E96 DE@CJ @7 2 7:4E:@?2= J@F?8 H@>2? ?2>65 t>>2[ 2 J@F?8 DEF56?E H9@ 244:56?E2==J 76== AC68?2?E 3642FD6 D96 H2D E@@ 27C2:5 E@ 92G6 2? x&s :?D6CE65] x?G6DE@CD[ yF=:6? 6IA=2:?65[ D66>65 >@C6 C6DA@?D:G6 E@ E96 3C@256C D@4:2= 4@?D6BF6?46D @7 8J?64@=@8:42= A2:? — F?H2?E65 AC68?2?4J[ 4@?EC246AE:@? 72:=FC6[ =24< @7 C6AC@5F4E:G6 2FE@?@>J — E92? E@ E96 A2:? :ED6=7]k^Am

kAm“!C@E64E65 D6I[” 96 D2:5] “%92E 42F89E E96:C 2EE6?E:@?]”k^Am

kAmx? a_`d[ q:@46AE:G6[ 2 >65:42= 56G:46 4@>A2?J 32D65 :? {@F:D:2?2[ C646:G65 u@@5 2?5 sCF8 p5>:?:DEC2E:@? 4=62C2?46 7@C :ED @H? 46CG:42= DF4E:@? C6EC24E@C[ H9:49 4C62E6D 2 A@CE2= E9C@F89 E96 46CG:I H:E9@FE ?665:?8 2 E6?24F=F>] {:<6 pDA:G:I[ E96 4@>A2?J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^3:@46AE:G6]4@>^23@FEQm7@C68C@F?5Dk^2m :ED E@@=’D FD6 :? 2G@:5:?8 E96 F?56D:C23=6 “D:56 67764ED” @7 A2:? 2?5 3=665:?8 E92E “5:D4@FC2865 D@>6 H@>6? 7C@> ?646DD2CJ AC@465FC6D]” pD 7@C A2:? :ED6=7[ :E[ 282:?[ E2<6D 2 324< D62E]k^Am

k9bmp ?@\3C2:?6Cnk^9bm

kAmqJ a_ac[ r2C6G:I 925 C646:G65 usp 4=62C2?46 2?5 925 366? ?2>65 @?6 @7 %:>6 >282K:?6’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E:>6]4@>^4@==64E:@?D^36DE\:?G6?E:@?D\a_ac^f_hcf_a^2DA:G:I\42C6G:I^Qm36DE :?G6?E:@?Dk^2m]k^Am

kAm“*@F H@F=5 E9:?< :E H@F=5 36 2 ?@\3C2:?6C[” vF6C5 D2:5 7C@> r2=:7@C?:2[ H96C6 E96 4@>A2?J 92D DA6?E E96 A2DE EH@ J62CD ECJ:?8 E@ A6CDF256 &]$] 9@DA:E2=D 2?5 4=:?:4D E@ 232?5@? E96 E6?24F=F>] “*@F AC6D6?E E96 EH@ :?DECF>6?ED D:56 3J D:56 2?5 E9:?<i ‘~3G:@FD=J 5@4E@CD H@?’E 49@@D6 E96 D42CJ\=@@<:?8 D4:DD@CD]’” qFE[ 2D :E EFC?D @FE[ D96 D2:5[ E96J @7E6? 5@]k^Am

kAm%96 C62D@? :D[ :? A2CE[ :?6CE:2] %96 E6?24F=F> :D 4962A[ C6FD23=6[ 2?5 6>365565 :? >65:42= EC2:?:?8] t?E:C6 H@C<7=@HD 2C6 3F:=E 2C@F?5 :E] %@ C6A=246 :E C6BF:C6D ?@E @?=J 2 ?6H 56G:46 3FE C6EC2:?:?8[ ?6H AFC492D:?8 2AAC@G2=D[ C6:>3FCD6>6?E ?68@E:2E:@?D[ 2?5 — A6C92AD 92C56DE @7 2== — 4@?G:?4:?8 5@4E@CD E@ DA6?5 >@C6 E:>6 2?5 >@?6J D@=G:?8 2 A2:? >2?J DE:== F?56C6DE:>2E6]k^Am

kAm~G6C E96 A2DE EH@ 564256D[ 2 H9@=6 2CC2J @7 u6>%649 DE2CEFAD 92G6 CF? :?E@ D:>:=2C C@253=@4<D H96? 2EE6>AE:?8 E@ C656D:8? E96 DA64F=F> — E96 5C62565 5F4<\D92A65 >6E2= E@@= FD65 E@ =@@< :?E@ E96 G28:?2= @A6?:?8] %96D6 ?6H 2=E6C?2E:G6D 2C6 >256 @FE @7 A=2DE:4[ D:=:4@?6[ @C A@=JFC6E92?6j D@>6 2C6 :?7=2E23=6[ @E96CD 4@>6 6BF:AA65 H:E9 {ts =:89ED @C 4@>6 H:E9 7FKKJ 4@>7@CE D@4<D] qFE 76H 92G6 24EF2==J >256 :E :?E@ 5@4E@CD’ @77:46D] %96 32CC:6CD E@ 6?ECJ DE:== 766= E@@ 9:89 — 6DA64:2==J H96? G6CJ 76H A2E:6?ED 24EF2==J 4@>A=2:? 5:C64E=J E@ E96:C 5@4E@C 23@FE E96 DA64F=F> 2D :E :D]k^Am

kAm$@>6 5@4E@CD[ yF=:6? D2:5[ C624E65 5676?D:G6=J H96? AC6D6?E65 H:E9 r2C6G:I[ :?D:DE:?8 E92E E96 E6?24F=F> H@C<65 A6C764E=J H6== 7@C E96> 2?5 E92E E96J H@F=5 ?6G6C 9FCE E96:C A2E:6?ED]k^Am

kAm“%96C6’D 2 =@E @7 68@ :?G@=G65[” vF6C5 25565] pDA:G:I 925 :?:E:2==J 9@A65 A2E:6?ED E96>D6=G6D H@F=5 96=A 2446=6C2E6 25@AE:@? 3J C6BF6DE:?8 r2C6G:I 5:C64E=J 7C@> AC@G:56CD] qFE E92E DEC2E68J @442D:@?2==J 324<7:C65i “(6 925 @?6 A2E:6?E H9@ H2D 6IEC6>6=J 6?E9FD:2DE:4 2?5 3C@F89E E96 E@@= FA E@ 96C 5@4E@C[” D96 C642==65] %96 A9JD:4:2? 5:5?’E 2AAC64:2E6 =62C?:?8 7C@> E96:C @H? A2E:6?E E92E 2 ?6H 2=E6C?2E:G6 6I:DE65 2?5 C67FD65 E@ FD6 :E]k^Am

kAm“*@F @7E6? 2=D@ 92G6 E@ 4@?G:?46 5@4E@CD E92E E96C6’D D@>6E9:?8 :? :E 7@C E96>[” yF=:6? D2:5] (:E9 E9:D :? >:?5[ pDA:G:I 3682? 6>A92D:K:?8 E92E =6DD 3=665:?8 >62?E =6DD 4=62?FA[ E92E =6DD 72:?E:?8 >62?E BF:4<6C EFC?@G6C :? 6I2>:?2E:@? C@@>D[ 2?5 E92E 92AAJ A2E:6?ED E6?565 E@ 4@>6 324< 2?5 C64@>>6?5 E96 AC24E:46 E@ E96:C 7C:6?5D]k^Am

kAmx?DFC2?46[ 9@H6G6C[ 92D @?=J 4@>A=:42E65 >2EE6CD] ~?6 @7 pDA:G:I’D 3:886DE 492==6?86D[ vF6C5 6IA=2:?65[ :D C6:>3FCD6>6?E] x?DFC6CD C6>2:? C6=F4E2?E E@ 4@G6C “6=64E:G6” A2:? C6=:67 5FC:?8 8J?64@=@8:42= AC@465FC6D[ H9:49 =62G6D >2?J A2E:6?ED H:E9 @FE\@7\A@4<6E 4@DED]k^Am

kAm%@ ?2G:82E6 E92E @3DE24=6[ pDA:G:I :?EC@5F465 H92E :E 42==D 2 “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2DA:G:I]4@>^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^{|}\7@C\r2C6G:I\Ga\7@C>]A57Qm{6EE6C @7 |65:42= }646DD:EJk^2m” @? :ED H63D:E6] !2E:6?ED 42? 5@H?=@25 E96 5@4F>6?E[ 2D< E96:C A9JD:4:2? E@ D:8? :E[ 2?5 DF3>:E :E E@ E96:C :?DFC6C :? 9@A6D @7 D64FC:?8 C6:>3FCD6>6?E] “%96 :562[” vF6C5 6IA=2:?65[ “H2D E@ 4C62E6 AC6DDFC6 @? :?DFC2?46 4@>A2?:6D 3J D9@H:?8 E96C6 :D C62= A2E:6?E 56>2?5 7@C A2:? >2?286>6?E @AE:@?D :? 8J?64@=@8:42= 42C6]”k^Am

k9bm!2E:6?E\46?E6C65 2?5 5C:G6?k^9bm

kAm$6=7\5@F3E C6>2:?D @?6 @7 8J?64@=@8J’D BF:6E6DE :?96C:E2?46D] tG6? E96 =2?8F286 4=:?:4:2?D FD6 5FC:?8 AC@465FC6D A6C7@C>D 2 <:?5 @7 2?E:4:A2E@CJ >:?:>:K2E:@?i !2E:6?ED 2C6 E@=5 E@ 6IA64E “AC6DDFC6[” “>:=5 5:D4@>7@CE[” @C “2 D>2== A:?49]”k^Am

kAmvC@H:?8 5:DECFDE :? E96 >65:42= 6DE23=:D9>6?E =67E >2?J A2E:6?ED 762C7F= 2?5 2?I:@FD] ~G6C E:>6[ E92?<D E@ D@4:2= >65:2[ >2?J C62=:K65 E92E E96:C A2:? H2D ?@E >JDE6C:@FD @C A6CD@?2= 3FE C2E96C DJDE6>:4] !~'D @7 A2:?7F= x&s :?D6CE:@?D H6C6 7@==@H65 3J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?34?6HD]4@>^?6HD^FD\?6HD^G:C2=\G:56@\AC@>AED\7656C2=\3:==\C6BF:C:?8\9@DA:E2=D\8:G6\H@>6?\=23@C\C4?2acdgccQm>F=E:A=6 G:56@Dk^2m @7 q=24< H@>6? :? =23@C HC:E9:?8 :? A2:? :? 9@DA:E2=D 2D E96J H6C6 :8?@C65]k^Am

kAmx? E96 A2DE 76H J62CD[ pDA:G:I 92D 4@>6 E@ C6=J @? E9:D 8C@H:?8 C6D:DE2?46 E@ 4C62E6 >@>6?EF>] ~?6 @7 E96 4@>A2?J’D 62C=:6DE p>6C:42? 25@AE6CD[ }2E2=:6 !2F=[ 2 ?FCD6 AC24E:E:@?6C 2?5 7@F?56C @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^=2G6?56CDA64ECF>962=E9]4@>^nFE>0D@FC46l492E8AE]4@>Qm{2G6?56C $A64ECF> w62=E9k^2m :? !@CE=2?5[ ~C68@?[ A@DE65 2 r2C6G:I 56>@?DEC2E:@? @? %:<%@<] %96 G:56@ BF:4<=J H6?E G:C2=[ 2?5 A2E:6?ED 3682? 7=@@5:?8 :?]k^Am

kAm“q67@C6 25@AE:?8 r2C6G:I[” !2F= D2:5[ “x 925 ?62C=J DE@AA65 @776C:?8 x&s :?D6CE:@?D 2=E@86E96C] x 92E65 5@:?8 :E] x 92E65 9FCE:?8 A6@A=6]” qFE H96? r2C6G:I 3642>6 2G2:=23=6 :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D[ !2F=[ H9@D6 AC24E:46 7@4FD6D 962G:=J @? EC2F>2\:?7@C>65 42C6[ :>>65:2E6=J @C56C65 2 5@K6? 56G:46D] |F49 @7 E96 C6DA@?D6 E@ E96 G:56@[ 3@E9 @?=:?6 2?5 :? E96 4=:?:4[ !2F= D2:5[ H2D =6DD 23@FE E649?@=@8:42= 72D4:?2E:@? E92? C6=:67 2E D66:?8 2 AC@G:56C AF3=:4=J 24<?@H=6586 E92E 8J?64@=@8:42= A2:? >2EE6C65]k^Am

kAmpDA:G:I 3682? C@==:?8 @FE r2C6G:I E6CC:E@CJ 3J E6CC:E@CJ[ 7@4FD:?8 @? D>2==6C C68:@?2= ?6EH@C<D 367@C6 2EE6>AE:?8 ?2E:@?2= 6IA2?D:@?] vF6C5 4@>A2C65 E96 DEC2E68J E@ “A@=:E:42= 42>A2:8?:?8”i EC2:? 6?@F89 5@4E@CD :? @?6 2C62[ 86?6C2E6 6?@F89 A2E:6?E 56>2?5[ E96? 8C25F2==J H:56? E96 4:C4=6] “%96 8@2=[” D96 6IA=2:?65[ “:D 7@C 2 A2E:6?E E@ 36 23=6 E@ D9@H FA 2?5 2D< 23@FE r2C6G:I[ “2?5 E96 5@4E@C 2=C625J <?@HD :E[ 2=C625J ECFDED :E[ 2=C625J <?@HD 9@H E@ FD6 :E]”k^Am

kAmr2C6G:I :D ?@H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2DA:G:I]4@>^7:?5\J@FC\@38J?^Qm@776C65k^2m 3J D@>6 d_ AC@G:56CD 24C@DD E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D]k^Am

kAm%96 D9:7E @A6?65 3J A2E:6?ED 92D 368F? E@ C:AA=6 E9C@F89 >65:4:?6 :ED6=7] x? a_ac[ E96 r6?E6CD 7@C s:D62D6 r@?EC@= 2?5 !C6G6?E:@? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?34?6HD]4@>^962=E9^H@>6?D\962=E9^454\FA52E6D\:F5\A2:?\>2?286>6?E\8F:56=:?6D\:>AC@G6>6?ED\>:DD:?8\C4?2`eeabhQmFA52E65k^2m :ED C64@>>6?52E:@?D 2C@F?5 A2:? >2?286>6?E 5FC:?8 x&s :?D6CE:@?[ 24<?@H=658:?8 E92E A2:? :D @7E6? F?56C6DE:>2E65 2?5 A@@C=J >2?2865] %96 7@==@H:?8 J62C[ E96 p>6C:42? r@==686 @7 ~3DE6EC:4:2?D 2?5 vJ?64@=@8:DED :DDF65 ?6H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]24@8]@C8^?6HD^?6HD\C6=62D6D^a_ad^_d^24@8\C6=62D6D\?6H\C64@>>6?52E:@?D\@?\A2:?\>2?286>6?E\7@C\:F5\:?D6CE:@?D\@E96C\:?\@77:46\8J?64@=@8:4\AC@465FC6DQm8F:52?46k^2m 6>A92D:K:?8 A2E:6?E\46?E6C65 8J?64@=@8:42= 42C6]k^Am

k9bm~?6 D:K6 7:ED 2==nk^9bm

kAm~7 4@FCD6[ E96 56G:46 :ED6=7 :D?’E 2 A2?2462[ 2?5 D@>6 A2CED @7 :E 4@F=5 DE:== FD6 :>AC@G6>6?E[ 5@4E@CD D2J] qFE :ED =:>:E2E:@?D E96>D6=G6D 6IA@D6 2 566A6C AC@3=6>i t77@CED E@ >2<6 8J?64@=@8J 86?E=6C 2C6 ?646DD2C:=J 4@>A=:42E65 3J 46?EFC:6D @7 5:DC682C5 7@C 8J?64@=@8:42= 42C6] %9@F89 H6==\:?7@C>65 W2?5 H6==\:?DFC65X A2E:6?ED 42? A:4< 7C@> 2? 2CC2J @7 A2:? >2?286>6?E @AE:@?D WC2?8:?8 7C@> :3FAC@76? @C 2?E:\2?I:6EJ >65:42E:@? E@ 86?6C2= 2?6DE96D:2X[ ?@?6 @7 E96D6 255C6DD E96 C@@E 42FD6 @7 D2:5 A2:?]k^Am

kAmp=:DD2 r@?<=:?[ 2? 2DD:DE2?E AC@76DD@C @7 @3DE6EC:4D 2?5 8J?64@=@8J 2E x?5:2?2 &?:G6CD:EJ[ C2? E96 7:CDE &]$] A:=@E DEF5J @? r2C6G:I] “x G@=F?E66C65[” D96 D2:5[ “3642FD6 ?@ @?6’D :?G6?E65 2?JE9:?8 ?6H E@ 9@=5 @?E@ E96 46CG:I D:?46 E96 `gh_D] %92E D@F?565 2>2K:?8] ”k^Am

kAmp7E6C >@?E9D @7 EC:2=D[ D96 7@F?5 E92E E96 56G:46 D:8?:7:42?E=J C65F46D A2:? 5FC:?8 x&s :?D6CE:@?[ 3FE E92E :E 92D D@>6 AC24E:42= =:>:E2E:@?D E92E E96 E6?24F=F> 5:5?’E] x? D@>6 42D6D[ D96 D2:5[ :7 E96 46CG:I :D E@@ D>2==[ :7 :E 92D 2?J 4JDED @? :E[ :7 :ED D92A6 92D 492?865 27E6C AC68?2?4J[ r2C6G:I’D 4FCC6?E &\D92A65 DF4E:@? 4FA ;FDE :D?’E E96 C:89E 7:E[ @C 4@F=5 24EF2==J 6?5 FA 42FD:?8 3=665:?8] r@?<=:? 2=D@ A@:?E65 E@ E96 56G:46’D 4FCC6?E D:K6 2?5 D92A6 — “2 =@?8 A=2DE:4 H2?5 H:E9 2 72E 92?5=6” — H9:49 5@6D?’E 7:E :?E@ D>2==6C DA64F=F>D 2?5 42? D@>6E:>6D 36 5:77:4F=E E@ 92?5=6 H96? J@F’C6 FD65 E@ E96 D>2== E6?24F=F>]k^Am

kAm“xE’D ?@E 2 A6C764E C6A=246>6?E] qFE :E 2=D@ 5@6D?’E A@<6 9@=6D :? J@FC A2E:6?E’D 46CG:I[” D96 4@?4=F565 H:E9 2 5CJ =2F89] “$@ E92E’D ?:46]”k^Am

kAm$@>6E9:?8 D6G6C2= AC24E:E:@?6CD 2=D@ A@:?E65 @FE :D E92E E96 56G:46 :D 4FCC6?E=J D:?8=6\FD6 2?5 D:8?:7:42?E=J >@C6 6IA6?D:G6 E92? 2 C6FD23=6 >6E2= E6?24F=F> — 56A6?5:?8 @? E96 D:K6 @7 2 AC@G:56C’D @C56C[ E96J 4@F=5 A2J Sd_[ Sbd[ @C Sad A6C 56G:46 — 4C62E:?8 7:?2?4:2= DEC2:? 7@C 4=:?:4D H:E9 E:89E6C 3F586ED] #646?E E2C:77D @? :>A@CE65 8@@5D 92G6 7FCE96C 4@>A=:42E65 5:DEC:3FE:@? :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D] “%96 492==6?86[” r@?<=:? 6IA=2:?65[ “:D E92E E96 A=246D D6CG:?8 E96 >@DE GF=?6C23=6 A2E:6?ED 2C6 @7E6? E96 =62DE 23=6 E@ 23D@C3 255:E:@?2= 4@DED]”k^Am

kAm%96 E62> 2E pDA:G:I D2:5 E92E E96J 2C6 H@C<:?8 @? 56G6=@A:?8 2 C6FD23=6 G6CD:@? @7 E96:C 56G:46 2?5 2EE6>AE:?8 E@ 252AE :ED DF4E:@? 4FA E@ 2 >@C6 G2C:65 D6E @7 2?2E@>:6D]k^Am

kAmtG6? :7 >2DD:G6=J 25@AE65[ r2C6G:I H@F=5 ?@E D@=G6 6G6CJ AC@3=6> :? 8J?64@=@8J] %96 AC@46DD @7 >62DFC:?8 E96 FE6CFD 29625 @7 2? x&s :?D6CE:@? 42? DE:== 9FCE C682C5=6DD @7 E96 E@@= FD65 E@ 9@=5 E96 46CG:I] (:E9 @C H:E9@FE r2C6G:I[ H@>6? DE:== C6A@CE D6G6C6 4C2>A:?8 5FC:?8 2?5 27E6C :?D6CE:@?D]k^Am

kAmqFE ?@H[ r@?<=:? A@:?E65 @FE[ A2E:6?ED 92G6 @AE:@?D] “x E9:?< H6 2D AC@G:56CD 4@F=5 5@ 2 >F49 36EE6C ;@3 2E AC@G:5:?8 A2E:6?ED H:E9 E92E 2FE@?@>J[” D96 D2:5] “$@>6 A2E:6?ED[ E96 J@F?86C @?6D[ 4@>6 96C6 C625J 7@C E92E] %96J @H? E96 3@5J[ E96J @H? E96:C 6IA6C:6?46[ 2?5 E96J 2C6 `__T 8@:?8 E@ DA62< FA 7@C E96>D6=G6D] qFE x ECJ E@ DA62< 7@C E96 A6@A=6 H9@ 2C6?’E J6E C625J E@ DA62< 7@C E96>D6=G6D — @=56C H@>6?[ q=24< H@>6?[ A2E:6?ED H9@D6 A2:? 92D =@?8 366? :8?@C65 — E@ =6E E96> <?@Hi *@F 92G6 E92E C:89E[ J@F 92G6 E96D6 @AE:@?D]”k^Am

k9bmq6:?8 962C5k^9bm

kAm(96? %@H?D6== 7@F?5 pDA:G:I’D H63D:E6 :? 96C @?=:?6 D62C49 7@C 2? 2=E6C?2E:G6 E@ E96 E6?24F=F>[ D96 D6?E E96> 2 A2?:4<65 6>2:=i “x 32D:42==J HC@E6i ‘!=62D6[ A=62D6 96=A >6] x 5@?’E <?@H :7 x 42? 5@ E9:D 282:?]’” $@>6@?6 7C@> E96 4@>A2?J C6A=:65 2=>@DE :>>65:2E6=J[ 2?5 E96? 7@==@H65 FA H96? D96 925?’E 2?DH6C65] $96 H2D AFE :? E@F49 H:E9 A9JD:4:2?D 2E r@=F>3:2 &?:G6CD:EJ |65:42= r6?E6C[ @?6 @7 E96 7:CDE D:E6D :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D @776C:?8 r2C6G:I]k^Am

kAmpE E96 E:>6[ %@H?D6== =:G65 :? !9:=256=A9:2] sFC:?8 96C EC:A E@ }6H *@C<[ D96 3C2465 96CD6=7 7@C 2?@E96C EC2F>2E:4 @C562=] p44@>A2?:65 3J 2 DFA6CG:D:?8 A9JD:4:2?[ 2 EC2:?66[ 2 A2E:6?E 25G@42E6[ 2?5 96C 3@J7C:6?5[ D96 F?56CH6?E E96 AC@465FC6 FD:?8 r2C6G:I] “x <6AE H2:E:?8 7@C E96 9@CC:3=6 A2CE[” D96 D2:5[ “2?5 E96?[ DF556?=J[ :E H2D @G6C]”k^Am

kAm(92E DE2J65 H:E9 96C >@DE[ 9@H6G6C[ H2D ?@E >6C6=J E96 23D6?46 @7 A2:? 3FE E96 2E>@DA96C6 DFCC@F?5:?8 E96 AC@465FC6 :ED6=7] %96 5@4E@CD 24EF2==J D9@H65 96C E96 :?DECF>6?E E@ 36 FD65 @? 96C] %96J EC62E65 96C 762C 2D C2E:@?2= C2E96C E92? 6I2886C2E65]k^Am

kAm“xE H2D E96 7:CDE E:>6 x 76=E =:<6 >J A2:? 925 366? 2?E:4:A2E65 :?DE625 @7 5:D>:DD65[” D96 D2:5] “(@>6? 92G6 366? D2J:?8 E9:D 9FCED 7@C6G6C — :E 766=D =:<6 H6’C6 ;FDE ?@H 36:?8 962C5]”k^Am

kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 H2D 4@\AF3=:D965 H:E9k^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]ECFE95:8]4@>^C6G@=FE:@?:K:?8\8J?64@=@8J\H:E9\H@>6?\:?\>:?5Qmk6>m%CFE95:8k^6>mk^2m]k^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^`hE9?6HD]@C8^a_ae^_f^C6G@=FE:@?:K:?8\8J?64@=@8J\:F5\A2:?^Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2m k6>mH2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^`hE9?6HD]@C8^Qmk6>m`hE9 }6HDk^6>mk^2m k6>m2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am