Michigan property owners are now more legally responsible than ever for addressing hazards on their properties — no matter how obvious and avoidable a hazard might be.
On July 28, 2023, the State Supreme Court ruled Michigan homeowners and businesses now have a duty to protect others from “open and obvious” hazards on their properties. The decision overturned more than 20 years of legal precedent.
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