Arrests for betting on the U.S. military operation that removed Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro. Death threats from gamblers to a journalist reporting on an Iranian missile attack on Israel. Fears of government officials manipulating world events – including the Iran war – to make a quick buck.
These are some of many concerns that experts have raised about how prediction markets – online marketplaces that allow people to bet on world events – might be affecting national security in the U.S. and abroad.
kAmqFE AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED >2J ?@E 36 @?=J :?7=F6?4:?8 :?E6C?2E:@?2= 2772:CD] %96J 4@F=5 2=D@ 27764E E96 a_ae >:5E6C> 6=64E:@?D]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3F]65F^DA9^AC@7:=6^>2EE96H\>@EE2^Qm(6k^2m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:C>:?892>]24]F<^DE277^AC@7:=6D^8@G^C2=DE@?\C@36CEQm2C6k^2m D@4:2= D4:6?E:DED H9@ DEF5J 82>3=:?8[ AF3=:4 A@=:4J 2?5 ?2E:@?2= D64FC:EJ] w6C6 2C6 7@FC E9:?8D J@F ?665 E@ <?@H 23@FE 9@H AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED >2J 36 492?8:?8 p>6C:42? A@=:E:4Dik^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp E6=6A9@?6 D4C66? H:E9 2 BF6DE:@? @? :Ei UR_bhj(:== xC2? 67764E:G6=J 4=@D6 E96 $EC2:E @7 w@C>FK 7@C fZ 52JDnUR_bhjQ DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fc`dha^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_e`a\df\fhA<<];A8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m%96 z2=D9: >2C<6E H286C ‘(:== xC2? 67764E:G6=J 4=@D6 E96 $EC2:E @7 w@C>FK 7@C fZ 52JDn’ 2AA62CD @? 2 D>2CEA9@?6 D4C66? @? |2C49 h[ a_ae] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]86EEJ:>286D]4@>^56E2:=^?6HD\A9@E@^E96\<2=D9:\>2C<6E\H:==\:C2?\67764E:G6=J\4=@D6\E96\DEC2:E\@7\?6HD\A9@E@^aaed`hd_fgn25AA@AFAlECF6Qm}:<@=2D z@<@G=:D^}FC!9@E@ G:2 v6EEJ x>286Dk^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9am!C65:4E:@? >2C<6ED EFC? A@=:E:4D :?E@ 2 82>6k^9am
kAm!C65:4E:@? >2C<6ED @776C A6@A=6 E96 @AA@CEF?:EJ E@ 36E @? A@=:E:42= 6G6?ED 3J AFC492D:?8 “D92C6D” – =:<6 DE@4< :? 2 4@>A2?J – @7 5:776C6?E A@E6?E:2= @FE4@>6D] x7 2? @FE4@>6 E2<6D A=246[ E96 >2C<6E A2JD @FE 7@C 6249 D92C6 AFC492D65 3J E9@D6 H9@ 8F6DD65 4@CC64E=J] |@C6 36EE:?8 24E:G:EJ :? 72G@C @7 2? @FE4@>6 C2:D6D :ED AC:46 2?5 =@H6CD :ED A2J@FE[ 2?5 G:46 G6CD2]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]47E4]8@G^{62C?2?5!C@E64E^!C65:4E:@?|2C<6EDQm!C65:4E:@? >2C<6EDk^2m 2C6 5:776C6?E 7C@> 42D:?@D 2?5 @?=:?6 DA@CED3@@<D 3642FD6 E96C6 :D ?@ “9@FD6” – =:<6 2 42D:?@ – E92E 56E6C>:?6D E96 D:K6 @7 E96 A2J@FE 7@C 4@CC64E=J 8F6DD:?8 H9@ H:== H:? @C =@D6 2 DA@CE:?8 6G6?E] x? 2 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E[ A=2J6CD “36E” 282:?DE @?6 2?@E96C[ ?@E E96 9@FD6] %96 >2C<6ED >2<6 >@?6J 3J 492C8:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^96=A]<2=D9:]4@>^6?^2CE:4=6D^`bgabfef\9@H\5@6D\<2=D9:\>2<6\>@?6JQmEC2?D24E:@? 766Dk^2m @? 6249 EC256]k^Am
kAmq6EE:?8 @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED 2==@HD FD6CD E@ EFC? >2?J 2DA64ED @7 &]$] A@=:E:4D :?E@ 2 82>6] u@C 6I2>A=6[ 36EE:?8 @? 6=64E:@? @FE4@>6D :D G6CJ A@AF=2C @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED] z2=D9: – 2 A@AF=2C AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E A=2E7@C> – 92D 2 A@CE:@? @7 :ED D:E6 DA64:7:42==J 56D:8?2E65 7@C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^<2=D9:]4@>^42E68@CJ^6=64E:@?DQm6=64E:@?\C6=2E65 >2C<6EDk^2m] %92E :?4=F56D E96 492?46 E@ 36E @? E96 6G6?EF2= H:??6C @7 E96 a_ag AC6D:56?E:2= 6=64E:@?[ E96 >2C8:? @7 G:4E@CJ :? E96 a_ae $@FE9 s2<@E2 AC:>2CJ 6=64E:@?D 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H2D9:?8E@?A@DE]4@>^A@=:E:4D^a_ae^_e^`d^2=2D<2\3@@ED\D64@?5\52?\DF==:G2?\D6?2E6\C246^QmH9:49 @7 EH@ s2? $F==:G2?Dk^2m 4@F=5 364@>6 p=2D<2’D ?6IE D6?2E@C]k^Am
kAmz2=D9: 2=D@ @776CD @AA@CEF?:E:6D E@ 36E @? ?@?6=64E:@? @FE4@>6D[ =:<6 H96E96C @C ?@E E96 $FAC6>6 r@FCE H:== 32? EC2?D86?56C 8:C=D 2?5 H@>6? 7C@> 4@>A6E:?8 @? “76>2=6 DA@CED E62>D[” @C H96E96C E96 8@G6C?>6?E H:== 4@?7:C> 367@C6 $6AE6>36C a_ae E92E 2=:6?D 6I:DE]k^Am
kAm%96 82>:7:42E:@? @7 A@=:E:4D E9C@F89 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E 36EE:?8 :D ?@E ?6H] !C65:4E:E[ 2 D6=7\56D4C:365 “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^7:?2?46]J29@@]4@>^?6HD^AC65:4E:E\2??@F?46D\C68F=2E@CJ\28C66>6?E\DFAA@CE:?8\`adh__gch]9E>=QmA@=:E:42= AC65:4E:@? >2C<6Ek^2m[” 92D 366? @A6C2E:?8 :? E96 &]$] 7@C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]AC65:4E:E]@C8^DFAA@CE^H92E\:D\AC65:4E:EQm@G6C 2 564256k^2m]k^Am
kAm(92E 92D 492?865 :? C646?E J62CD[ 9@H6G6C[ :D E92E AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED 2C6 ?@ =@?86C 2? @3D4FC6 A2DE:>6 6?;@J65 3J A@=:E:42= ;F?<:6D] !C65:4E:@? >2C<6ED 92G6 364@>6 BF:E6 A@AF=2C[ 2?5 >65:2 @C82?:K2E:@?D 2C6 6G6? :?E68C2E:?8 36EE:?8 >2C<6E 52E2 :? E96:C A@=:E:42= 2?2=JD:D] u@C 6I2>A=6[ z2=D9: :D r}}’D “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HD]<2=D9:]4@>^A^<2=D9:\4??\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6E\A2CE?6CD9:AQm@77:4:2= AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED A2CE?6Ck^2m]” x? 2 D68>6?E 42==65 “%96 ~55D[” k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4??]4@>^a_ae^_e^_h^A@=:E:4D^G:56@^E96\@55D\E@55\3=2?496\2D\2EE@C?6J\86?6C2=\4?4\<2A2CQmr}} 4@>>6?E2E@CD @7E6? FD6 z2=D9: 52E2k^2m E@ >2<6 AC65:4E:@?D 23@FE 42?5:52E6D’ 6=64E@C2= A6C7@C>2?46]k^Am
k9amx?D:56C EC25:?8 4@F=5 27764E &$ 6=64E:@?Dk^9am
kAmx?D:56C EC25:?8 @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED @44FCD H96? A6@A=6 H:E9 ?@?AF3=:4 :?7@C>2E:@? – =:<6 :?E6C?2= A@==:?8[ >:=:E2CJ :?E6==:86?46[ 6E4] – A=246 H286CD @? 6G6?ED] (9:=6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]HD;]4@>^7:?2?46^C68F=2E:@?^<2=D9:\A=2?D\E@\C6BF:C6\FD6CD\5:D4=@D6\H96C6\E96J\H@C<\E@\>2<6\46CE2:?\EC256D\f4e252hhQmD@>6 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6EDk^2m 2C6 ECJ:?8 E@ 4C24< 5@H? @? E96 AC24E:46[ :?D:56C EC25:?8 4@F=5 2=C625J 36 27764E:?8 E96 FA4@>:?8 &]$] >:5E6C> 6=64E:@?D]k^Am
kAmx? DAC:?8 a_ae[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ }!# 5@4F>6?E65 D6G6C2= 42D6D H96C6 42>A2:8? DE2776CD H@C<:?8 @? DE2E6H:56 42>A2:8?D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^a_ae^_d^_f^?I\D`\dfhdgh`^AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6ED\<2=D9:\A@=J>2C<6E\42>A2:8?DQm25>:EE65 E@ FD:?8 :?D:56 :?7@C>2E:@?k^2m 23@FE 42?5:52E6D’ A6C7@C>2?46 :? E96 A@==D E@ “3FJ =@H” @? E96:C 42?5:52E6’D 6=64E@C2= AC@DA64ED AC:@C E@ E96 C6=62D6 @7 72G@C23=6 A@==:?8 52E2] p55:E:@?2==J[ 2=E9@F89 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E968F2C5:2?]4@>^E649?@=@8J^a_ae^>2C^ac^<2=D9:\A@=J>2C<6E\:?D:56C\EC25:?8\C68F=2E:@?QmFDF2==J AC@9:3:Ek^2m 36EE:?8 @? @?6’D @H? 42>A2:8?[ 3@E9 s6>@4C2ED 2?5 #6AF3=:42?D CF??:?8 7@C A@=:E:42= @77:46 92G6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^a_ae^_a^ad^?I\D`\dfae_d_^<2=D9:\:?D:56C\EC25:?8\6?7@C46>6?E\24E:@?DQm4@>6 F?56C 7:C6k^2m 7@C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?6HD]<2=D9:]4@>^A^<2=D9:\A@=:E:42=\:?D:56C\EC25:?8\6?7@C46>6?E\FA52E6Qm36EE:?8 @? E96:C @H? 42>A2:8?Dk^2m]k^Am
kAmq6EE:?8 @? @?6’D @H? 42>A2:8? 4@F=5 4C62E6 2 D46?2C:@ H96C6 2 42?5:52E6’D 6=64E@C2= A6C7@C>2?46 D66>D >@C6 C@3FDE E92? :E 24EF2==J :D E@ AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E FD6CD @C H2E496CD[ :?4=F5:?8 >65:2 @C82?:K2E:@?D H9@ C6A@CE @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E 52E2]k^Am
kAm%9:D >2J :? EFC? 86?6C2E6 >@C6 72G@C23=6 >65:2 4@G6C286[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]`_g_^`_dgce_h]`hhc]hheb_cgQmH9:49 4@F=5 27764Ek^2m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@:]@C8^`_]``ce^2??FC6G]ADJ49]d`]`]`chQmAF3=:4 D6?E:>6?E E@H2C5 E96 42?5:52E6k^2m] &?=:<6 A@==:?8[ H9:49 :D ?@E EJA:42==J AC@?6 E@ E96 D2>6 <:?5 @7 >655=:?8 3J 42>A2:8?D[ 36EE:?8 @? @?6’D @H? 42>A2:8? 4@F=5 F=E:>2E6=J 492?86 G@E6CD’ >:?5D C682C5:?8 E96 G:23:=:EJ @7 2 42?5:52E6]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 2=ElQp D4C66?D9@E @7 2 9625=:?6 7C@> %96 (2== $EC66E y@FC?2= E92E D2JD UR_bhjz2=D9: u:?6D u@C>6C vF36C?2E@C:2= r2?5:52E6[ |Cq62DE t>A=@J66 @? !C65:4E:@? (286CD]UR_bhjQ DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^7:=6D^fc`f_`^@C:8:?2=^7:=6\a_ae_e`c\df\IJ=hff]A?8n:I=:3lC3\c]`]_U2>AjBlcdU2>Aj2FE@l7@C>2EU2>AjHlfc_U2>Aj7:El4=:AQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mp D4C66?D9@E 7C@> 2 (2== $EC66E y@FC?2= 2CE:4=6 @? EH@ z2=D9: 2EE6>AED E@ AF?:D9 :?D:56C EC25:?8[ :?4=F5:?8 3J 2 A@=:E:4:2? 36EE:?8 @? 9:D @H? 42>A2:8?] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]HD;]4@>^3FD:?6DD^>65:2^<2=D9:\7:?6D\7@C>6C\8F36C?2E@C:2=\42?5:52E6\>C362DE\6>A=@J66\@?\AC65:4E:@?\H286CD\a_g3e3d2n>@5l$62C49C6DF=EDU2>AjA@DlcU2>AjA286l`Qm%96 (2== $EC66E y@FC?2=k^2mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9am!@=:4J>2<6CD 2C6 A2J:?8 2EE6?E:@?k^9am
kAmv:G6? 4@?46C?D 23@FE :?D:56C EC25:?8 2?5 :ED A@E6?E:2= 4@?D6BF6?46D[ H6 2D<65 p>6C:42?D H96E96C &]$] 8@G6C?>6?E @77:4:2=D D9@F=5 36 7@C3:556? 7C@> EC25:?8 @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED] x? 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C6A@CED]G6C2D:89E]:@^C6A@CED^@>?:3FD\a_ae\_ccQm?2E:@?2==J C6AC6D6?E2E:G6 @?=:?6 DFCG6Jk^2m @7 `[___ &]$] 25F=ED 4@?5F4E65 G:2 E96 DFCG6J A=2E7@C> '6C2D:89E :? |2C49 a_ae[ H6 7@F?5 E92E ?62C=J f_T DFAA@CE65 32??:?8 8@G6C?>6?E @77:4:2=D 7C@> EC25:?8 @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED[ H9:=6 a_T DFAA@CE65 2 >@C6 =:>:E65 EC25:?8 32? H96? 8@G6C?>6?E @77:4:2=D 92G6 “:?D:56” :?7@C>2E:@?]k^Am
kAm{2H>2<6CD :? (2D9:?8E@? 2C6 368:??:?8 E@ C6DA@?5 E@ AF3=:4 @A:?:@?] %96 $6?2E6 C646?E=J k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]A3D]@C8^?6HD9@FC^A@=:E:4D^D6?2E6\32?D\>6>36CD\2?5\DE277\7C@>\36EE:?8\:?\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6EDQm32??65 D6?2E@CD 2?5 E96:C DE277k^2m 7C@> EC25:?8 @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED[ 2=E9@F89 9@H E9:D A@=:4J H:== 36 :>A=6>6?E65 C6>2:?D F?46CE2:?] w@H6G6C[ >6>36CD @7 E96 w@FD6[ 6>A=@J66D @7 E96 6I64FE:G6 3C2?49[ >:=:E2CJ @77:4:2=D 2?5 @E96C 8@G6C?>6?E 6>A=@J66D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^a_ae^_d^`h^8\D`\`a`ga_^9@FD6\9@=5D\@77\@?\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6E\32?\56DA:E6\3:A2CE:D2?\42==D\7@C\AC@9:3:E:@?Qm42? DE:== 36E @? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6EDk^2m]k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^>@F=E@?]9@FD6]8@G^?6HD^AC6DD\C6=62D6D^>@F=E@?\2?5\E@CC6D\:?EC@5F46\=68:D=2E:@?\32?\42>A2:8?\:?D:56CD\EC25:?8Qm$@>6k^2m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4@?8C6DD]8@G^3:==^``hE9\4@?8C6DD^9@FD6\3:==^g_feQm=2H>2<6CDk^2m 92G6 AC@A@D65 =:>:E:?8 EC25:?8 H96? 8@G6C?>6?E @77:4:2=D 92G6 :?D:56C :?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE 2? 6G6?E[ DF49 2D :?E6C?2= A@==:?8 @C 7F?5C2:D:?8 52E2 E92E >6>36CD @7 E96 AF3=:4 5@ ?@E 92G6 2446DD E@]k^Am
kAm~E96CD :? r@?8C6DD 92G6 >256 2? 677@CE E@ 32? 2== EC25:?8 @? “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4@?8C6DD]8@G^``h^3:==D^9Cfhca^qx{{$\``h9Cfhca:9]A57Qm562E9 >2C<6EDk^2m[” H9:49 :?4=F56 H2C[ 2DD2DD:?2E:@?D 2?5 C6=2E65 E@A:4D] z?@H? 2D E96 “stp%w qt%$ p4E” – :ED E:E=6 :D 2? 24C@?J> E92E DE2?5D 7@C “s:D4@FC28:?8 tIA=@:E2E:G6 pDD2DD:?2E:@?[ %C2865J[ 2?5 w2C> q6EE:?8 :? tG6?E %C25:?8 $JDE6>D p4E – E96 =68:D=2E:@? 92D 366? :?EC@5F465 3FE :D A6?5:?8 4@>>:EE66 C6G:6H]k^Am
kAm$E2E6 8@G6C?>6?ED 2C6 2=D@ E2<:?8 24E:@? E@ C68F=2E6 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED]k^Am
kAm|2DD249FD6EED[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ :D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]>2DD]8@G^?6HD^28\42>A36==\DF6D\@?=:?6\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6E\7@C\:==682=\2?5\F?D276\DA@CED\H286C:?8\@A6C2E:@?DQmDF:?8 z2=D9:k^2m 7@C 2==@H:?8 Q324<5@@C 36EE:?8” @? DA@CED]k^Am
kAmq24<5@@C 36EE:?8 C676CD E@ H286C:?8 E9C@F89 =6DD C68F=2E65 492??6=D =:<6 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED[ C2E96C E92? 9:89=J C68F=2E65 DE2E6 42D:?@D 2?5 DA@CED3@@<D] q24<5@@C 36EE:?8 92D 366? 6DE:>2E65 E@ 4@DE DE2E6D @G6C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4?34]4@>^a_ae^_d^ag^DE2E6D\92G6\=@DE\`\3:==:@?\5F6\E@\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6ED\82>:?8\2DD@4:2E:@?]9E>=Qm&$S` 3:==:@? :? E2I C6G6?F6k^2m D:?46 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2>6C:42?82>:?8]@C8^DA@CED\6G6?E\4@?EC24ED^QmAC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED 7:CDE 3682? 2==@H:?8 DA@CED H286C:?8k^2m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]HD;]4@>^=:G64@G6C286^DE@4<\>2C<6E\E@52J\5@H\DAd__\?2D52B\=:G6\_`\ab\a_ad^42C5^AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6E\<2=D9:\=2F?496D\DA@CED\36EE:?8\t|B_I#p:`q{a_w(Cuzx>Qm:? 62C=J a_adk^2m]k^Am
kAm|:??6D@E2 3642>6 E96 7:CDE DE2E6 E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^a_ae^_d^`h^?I\D`\dga`aed^>:??6D@E2\32?\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6EDQm32? AC65:4E:@? >2C<6EDk^2m 2=E@86E96C[ H9:=6 x==:?@:D 92D D6?E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^234f49:428@]4@>^A@DE^AC6D:56?E\5@?2=5\ECF>A\25>:?:DEC2E:@?\DF6D\:==:?@:D\DE2E6D\2EE6>AED\C68F=2E6\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6ED\=:<6\<2=D9:\A@=J>2C<6E^`ggcged_^Qm462D6 2?5 56D:DE =6EE6CDk^2m E@ AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E @A6C2E@CD E92E :E 4=2:>D 2C6 @A6C2E:?8 H:E9@FE 2596C:?8 E@ DE2E6 82>3=:?8 =2HD]k^Am
k9am%CF>A H2?ED 4@?EC@= @G6C AC65:4E:@? >2C<6EDk^9am
kAmx? 2 C646?E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^ECFE9D@4:2=]4@>^oC62=s@?2=5%CF>A^A@DED^``eecahecgchbfb_g`Qm%CFE9 $@4:2= A@DEk^2m[ !C6D:56?E s@?2=5 %CF>A 3=2DE65 E96 :562 E92E DE2E6D D9@F=5 36 23=6 E@ C68F=2E6 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED] #676C6?4:?8 E96:C C646?E C68F=2E@CJ 24E:@?D[ %CF>A C676CC65 E@ |:??6D@E2 v@G6C?@C %:> (2=K 2?5 x==:?@:D v@G6C?@C yq !C:EK<6C 2D “$r&|” :? E96 A@DE]k^Am
kAm%CF>A 2=D@ 6IAC6DD65 6?E9FD:2D> 7@C AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED :? E96 A@DE[ D2J:?8 E92E E96 &]$] :D “2E E96 E@A” @7 2 “?6H 7@C> @7 u:?2?4:2= |2C<6E]” %96 AC6D:56?E 2?5 9:D 72>:=J 92G6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?JE:>6D]4@>^a_ae^_d^ac^FD^9@H\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6ED\2?5\4CJAE@\7:C>D\DE62>C@==65\2\H2E495@8\286?4J]9E>=Qm566A 7:?2?4:2= E:6Dk^2m E@ E96 :?5FDECJ] u@C 6I2>A=6[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^a_ae^_d^af^8\D`\`acceb^ECF>A\DFAA@CE:?8\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6E\4@>A2?:6D\:?\7:89ED\H:E9\DE2E6\82>3=:?8\C68F=2E@CDQms@?2=5 %CF>A yC] D6CG6D 2D 2 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6E 25G:D6Ck^2m E@ z2=D9: 2?5 !@=J>2C<6E 2?5 :D 2? :?G6DE@C :? !@=J>2C<6E]k^Am
kAmu@==@H:?8 %CF>A’D A@DE[ E96 25>:?:DEC2E:@? 3682? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^7:?2?46]J29@@]4@>^64@?@>J^A@=:4J^2CE:4=6D^H9:E6\9@FD6\C6G:6HD\47E4\AFD9\`gbe__dch]9E>=QmC6G:6H:?8 2 AC@A@D2=k^2m E@ 8:G6 E96 r@>>@5:EJ uFEFC6D %C25:?8 r@>>:DD:@? E96 6I4=FD:G6 2FE9@C:EJ E@ C68F=2E6 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED]k^Am
kAm(9:=6 E96 ru%r 92D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]47E4]8@G^!C6DD#@@>^!C6DD#6=62D6D^habg\aeQmC6A62E65=Jk^2m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]47E4]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^a_ae^_c^!C65:4E:@?|2C<6Eu24E$966E]A57Qm2DD6CE65k^2m C68F=2E@CJ 2FE9@C:EJ @G6C AC65:4E:@? >2C<6ED[ D@>6 – =:<6 7@C>6C ru%r r92:C>2? v2CJ v6?D=6C – 36=:6G6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]4?34]4@>^a_ae^_d^af^AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6ED\H9:E6\9@FD6\47E4\<2=D9:\A@=>2C<6E\86?D=6C]9E>=QmE92E DE2E6Dk^2m[ ?@E E96 ru%r[ D9@F=5 36 :? 492C86]k^Am
kAmk6>m%9:D 2CE:4=6 :D C6AF3=:D965 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^FDnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<\_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQm%96 r@?G6CD2E:@?k^2m[ 2 ?@?AC@7:E[ :?56A6?56?E ?6HD @C82?:K2E:@? 3C:?8:?8 J@F 724ED 2?5 ECFDEH@CE9J 2?2=JD:D E@ 96=A J@F >2<6 D6?D6 @7 @FC 4@>A=6I H@C=5] xE H2D HC:EE6? 3Ji k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^>2EE\>@EE2\cfaaegnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQm|2EE |@EE2k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^3@DE@?\F?:G6CD:EJ\ghgnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQmq@DE@? &?:G6CD:EJk^2mk^6>m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^AC@7:=6D^C@36CE\C2=DE@?\`bg`_hhnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQm#@36CE #2=DE@?k^2m[ k6>mk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^:?DE:EFE:@?D^F?:G6CD:EJ\@7\3:C>:?892>\``bgnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?l3J=:?6\=:?<U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQm&?:G6CD:EJ @7 q:C>:?892>k^2mk^6>mk^6>mk^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m#625 >@C6ik^DEC@?8mk^Am
kF=mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^9@H\A@==:?8\72:=FC6D\82>3=:?8\=682=:K2E:@?\2?5\A@=:E:42=\8C:5=@4<\A2G65\E96\H2J\7@C\E96\6IA=@D:G6\C:D6\@7\AC65:4E:@?\>2C<6ED\afggfbnFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<_U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQmw@H A@==:?8 72:=FC6D[ 82>3=:?8 =682=:K2E:@? 2?5 A@=:E:42= 8C:5=@4< A2G65 E96 H2J 7@C E96 6IA=@D:G6 C:D6 @7 AC65:4E:@? >2C<6EDk^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^>=3\5@F3=6D\5@H?\@?\82>3=:?8\H:E9\?6H\A@=J>2C<6E\562=\afh`fenFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<`U2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQm|{q 5@F3=6D 5@H? @? 82>3=:?8 H:E9 ?6H !@=J>2C<6E 562=k^2mk^=:mk=:mk2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^9@H\>25FC@D\42AEFC6\H6?E\5@H?\2\>:=:E2CJ\DEC2E68:DE\6IA=2:?D\H92E\8@6D\:?E@\2\DF446DD7F=\DA64:2=\@A\afaef`nFE>0D@FC46l{66U2>AjFE>0>65:F>lC6=2E65\=:?<U2>AjFE>042>A2:8?lC6=2E65\=:?<aU2>AjFE>04@?E6?El2CE:4=6\agc_dfQmw@H |25FC@’D 42AEFC6 H6?E 5@H? – 2 >:=:E2CJ DEC2E68:DE 6IA=2:?D H92E 8@6D :?E@ 2 DF446DD7F= DA64:2= @Ak^2mk^=:mk^F=m
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m|2EE |@EE2 C646:G6D 7F?5:?8 7C@> E96 |2DD249FD6EED v2>:?8 r@>>:DD:@?]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kA 4=2DDlQ7:?6\AC:?EQmk6>mkDA2?m#@36CE #2=DE@? 5@6D ?@E H@C< 7@C[ 4@?DF=E[ @H? D92C6D :? @C C646:G6 7F?5:?8 7C@> 2?J 4@>A2?J @C @C82?:K2E:@? E92E H@F=5 36?67:E 7C@> E9:D 2CE:4=6[ 2?5 92D 5:D4=@D65 ?@ C6=6G2?E 277:=:2E:@?D 36J@?5 E96:C 24256>:4 2AA@:?E>6?E]k^DA2?mk^6>mk^Am
kAmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^4@F?E6C]E964@?G6CD2E:@?]4@>^4@?E6?E^agc_df^4@F?E]8:7n5:DEC:3FE@Cl=66Q DEJ=6lQ96:89Ei`AIjH:5E9i`AIjQ 2=ElQQ ^mk^Am
