Rice farmers Siriporn and Amnat Taidee used to burn their paddy fields between plantings -- a common method of clearing crop residue partly blamed for
toxic smog that blankets much of Thailand every spring.
kAmp BF:4< 2?5 277@C523=6 H2J E@ AC6A2C6 7@C 2 ?6H 8C@H:?8 4J4=6[ E96 AC24E:46 92D =@?8 366? D66? 2D E96 @?=J 762D:3=6 @AE:@? 7@C >:==:@?D @7 %92: C:46 72C>6CD]Â k^Am
kAmqFE 7@C E96 4@FA=6 7C@> r9:2?8 #2:[ 232?5@?:?8 H92E p>?2E 42==65 QE96 @=5 H2J @7 5@:?8 E9:?8DQ 7@C ?6H >:4C@3:2= D@=FE:@?D 92D 366? 2 3@@?]k^Am
kAm%92?<D E@ E96 9F?8CJ 324E6C:2 E92E 496H FA A@DE\92CG6DE =67E@G6CD \\ E96:C D@:= :D D@7E6C[ E96:C J:6=5D 2C6 FA 2?5 E96:C 76CE:=:D6C 3:==D 2C6 5@H?]k^Am
kAmQ|J =:76 92D 492?865[Q D2:5 $:C:A@C?[ eb[ 2D D96 D=@D965 E9C@F89 2 G6C52?E A255J 7:6=5 :? r9:2?8 #2:] QxV> D@ 92AAJ]]] H6 5@?VE 92G6 E@ 3FC? 2?J>@C6]Qk^Am
kAmtG6CJ J62C 36EH66? y2?F2CJ 2?5 pAC:=[ D>@<6 7C@> 4C@A C6D:5F6[ 7@C6DE 7:C6D 2?5 :?5FDEC:2= 6>:DD:@?D \\ 4@>A@F?565 3J D>@8 5C:7E:?8 @G6C 7C@> ?6:893@FC:?8 4@F?EC:6D \\ AFD96D %92:=2?5VD 2:C BF2=:EJ E@ 52?86C@FD =6G6=D]Â k^Am
kAmq2?8<@< 92D C6DEC:4E65 3FC?:?8 7@C J62CD[ 3FE 2 C646?E 4C24<5@H? 92D AFE 8@G6C?>6?E 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 8@2=D @? 2 4@==:D:@? 4@FCD6 H:E9 EC25:E:@?2= 28C:4F=EFC2= AC24E:46D]Â k^Am
kAm%96 E9C62E @7 962GJ 7:?6D 2?5 6G6? AC:D@? 92D 7C:89E6?65 72C>6CD \\ 3FE >2?J 766= E96J DE:== 92G6 ?@ 2=E6C?2E:G6]Â k^Am
kAmQxE D:>A=J AFD96D E96 3FC56? @?E@ 72C>6CD[Q (:ED2?F pEE2G2?:49[ 2? 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 64@?@>:DE 2E z2D6ED2CE &?:G6CD:EJ[ D2:5 @7 E96 32? @? @A6? 3FC?:?8]k^Am
k9am\ %96 AC:46 @7 492?86 \k^9am
kAm%96 %2:566D H6C6 62C=J 4@?G6CED[ FD:?8 2 AC@5F4E 42==65 $@:= s:86DE 56G6=@A65 3J 2 %92: D4:6?E:DE FD:?8 7:G6 DEC2:?D @7 q24:==FD 324E6C:2 \\ @?6 @7 H9:49 :D 56C:G65 7C@> EC25:E:@?2= 76C>6?E65 D@J362?D]k^Am
kAm$:C:A@C? D2:5 E96 D@=FE:@? 564@>A@D65 E96 QE6CC:3=6Q DEF33=6 @? E96 7:6=5D :? 2 >2EE6C @7 52JD 2?5 96=A65 C6DE@C6 E96 D@:=]k^Am
kAmQ%96 C:46 :D 4@>:?8 :? 8C62E 2?5 E96 D@:= :D 962=E9J[Q D96 D2JD] Q%9:D >:4C@3:2= DEF77 :D 2 82>6\492?86C]Qk^Am
kAm{2DE J62C[ 2FE9@C:E:6Dk^Am
kAm:? r9:2?8 #2: \\ @?6 @7 %92:=2?5VD >2:? C:46\8C@H:?8 AC@G:?46D \\ 3682? 6?4@FC28:?8 =@42= 72C>6CD E@ ECJ >:4C@3:2= D@=FE:@?D]k^Am
kAm$@ 72C[ 2C@F?5 a[___ 92G6 >256 E96 DH:E49 \\ 2 7C24E:@? @7 E96 AC@G:?46VD `__[___ C:46 72C>6CD[ 3FE 2 DE2CE]k^Am
kAmQx7 H6 2C6 E@ DE@A E96 3FC?:?8[ H6 >FDE AC@G:56 E96> H:E9 >F=E:A=6 2=E6C?2E:G6D[Q D2:5 ~CC2492 (@?8D2C@;[ 2 AC@G:?4:2= 28C:4F=EFC2= @77:4:2=]Â k^Am
kAm|:4C@3:2= AC@5F4ED 92G6 =@?8 366? FD65 :? %92: 28C:4F=EFC6[ 3FE 56>2?5 7@C ?6H6C 7@C>F=2E:@?D E2C86E:?8 DEC2H 564@>A@D:E:@? 92D 8C@H? D92CA=J D:?46 E96 3FC?:?8 4C24<5@H? :?E6?D:7:65 2 76H J62CD 28@]Â k^Am
kAm%96 %92: 8@G6C?>6?E AC@>@E6D 7C66 2446DD E@ >:4C@3:2= AC@5F4ED 7@C 72C>6CD \\ 3FE @77:4:2=D E@=5 pu! E92E DE@4<D 925 CF? @FE 2?5 E96J H6C6 DECF88=:?8 E@ D42=6 FA DFAA=J]Â k^Am
kAmu@C E9@D6 H9@ 42??@E 2446DD 8@G6C?>6?E DFAA=:6D[ AC:G2E6 >2C<6E 2=E6C?2E:G6D 42? 36 AC:46J]k^Am
kAmx? !2E9F> %92?:[ 2 C:46\8C@H:?8 AC@G:?46 :? 46?EC2= %92:=2?5[ 72C>6C $2>2CE pEE9@?8 DA6?E `[a__ 329E WSbfX 9:C:?8 2? 28C:4F=EFC2= 5C@?6 E@ DAC2J $@:= s:86DE @G6C 9:D 7:6=5D]k^Am
kAmQ!6@A=6 >2J @?=J D66 E96 6IEC2 4@DE @7 E96 >:4C@36D[ 3FE E96J D9@F=5 =@@< :? E96 =@?8 CF?[Q $2>2CE D2:5]k^Am
kAmQ~?46 E96 D@:= 962=D[ H6 H@?VE ?665 ?62C=J 2D >F49 76CE:=:D6C[Q 96 D2:5] Q(96C6 x =:G6[ 3FC?:?8 92D 5C@AA65 E@ ?62C=J K6C@]Qk^Am
k9am\ |2<:?8 >:4C@36D H@C< \k^9am
kAm$EC:5:?8 E9C@F89 2:C E9:4< H:E9 5FDE 7C@> J62DE[ C6E:C65 AC@76DD@C (:49:6? *@?8>2?:E492: H2E496D E96 H9:CC:?8 >249:?6D AC@5F4:?8 9:D >:4C@3:2= 4@?4@4E:@?]k^Am
kAmw6 DE2CE65 3J :D@=2E:?8 =@42= 324E6C:2= DEC2:?D[ 4@?G:?465 E92E ?2E:G6 @?6D H@F=5 H@C< 36DE :? %92:=2?5VD EC@A:42= 6?G:C@?>6?E]k^Am
kAmw6 9@A6D 9:D :?G6?E:@? \\ D@=5 2D $@:= s:86DE \\ H:== 7:I %92:=2?5VD 2??F2= 2:C 4C:D:D 7@C 8@@5]k^Am
kAm(:E9@FE >:4C@3:2= EC62E>6?E[ C:46 DEC2H E2<6D 2C@F?5 b_ 52JD E@ D@7E6? 6?@F89 E@ E:== \\ 9:D D@=FE:@? H@C<D :? 7:G6 E@ D6G6? 52JD]Â k^Am
kAmt2C=J EC:2=D D9@H J:6=5 :?4C62D6D @7 FA E@ a_ A6C46?E]Â k^Am
kAm(:49:6? 2=D@ D2:5 E96 324E6C:2 42? C65F46 >6E92?6 6>:DD:@?D 7C@> A255J 7:6=5D 3J 2E =62DE a_ A6C46?E[ 96=A:?8 %92:=2?5 >66E :ED 4=:>2E6 4@>>:E>6?ED]k^Am
kAmQ%9:D :D @?6 @7 E96 3:886DE 36?67:ED E@ >2<6 W7@C 249:6G:?8X 42C3@? ?6FEC2=:EJ :? E96 C:46 7:6=5]Qk^Am
kAmqFE (:49:6? <?@HD 9:D D>2== @A6C2E:@? 42??@E C6249 %92:=2?5VD a_ >:==:@? 72C>6CD 2=@?6] p?5 H:E9@FE 8@G6C?>6?E 2?5 4@CA@C2E6 324<:?8[ E96 82A >2J AC@G6 E@@ H:56]k^Am
kAmx?56A6?56?E 6IA6CED 28C66 E96 E649?@=@8J D9@HD AC@>:D6 \\ 3FE H2C? E96 DJDE6> 2C@F?5 :E >FDE 492?86]Â k^Am
kAmQ%96 8@G6C?>6?E H2?ED E@ C65F46 DEC2H 3FC?:?8 \\ 3FE E96C6 :D ?@ @?6\D:K6\7:ED\2== D@=FE:@?[Q D2:5 }:A@? !@2A@?8D2<@C?[ 2? 28C:4F=EFC2= A@=:4J 6IA6CE 2E E96 %92:=2?5 s6G6=@A>6?E #6D62C49 x?DE:EFE6]Â k^Am
kAm%@ DE2CE H:E9 96 DF886DED 4@?5:E:@?2= DF3D:5:6D E:65 E@ 2 ?@\3FC? 4@>>:E>6?E[ 4@>3:?65 H:E9 >249:?6CJ 2446DD 2?5 72C>6C 65F42E:@?]Â k^Am
kAm(:49:6? :D 2=C625J E9:?<:?8 36J@?5 %92:=2?5 E@ A255J 7:6=5D 24C@DD $@FE962DE pD:2 2?5 F=E:>2E6=J p7C:42]k^Am
kAmQx 5@?VE H2?E 2?JE9:?8 6=D6] x ;FDE H2?E E@ >2<6 :E H@C<]Qk^Am
kAm4:\D;4^EJ>^52?^;>k^Am
