Even as Gulf tanker traffic slowly resumes, the road back to normal food production will be long and arduous, given the war's impact on fertiliser supplies, the UN has warned.
With factories shuttered and soaring gas prices driving up production costs around the world, fertiliser prices have risen across the board and are unlikely to fall back easily.
kAmQx7 E96 $EC2:E @7 w@C>FK C6@A6?65 :>>65:2E6=J[ :]6] ?@E @?=J 2 462D67:C6 3FE G6DD6=D >@G:?8[ E96 :>A24E H@F=5 36 D:8?:7:42?E=J A@D:E:G6 \\ 3FE :?4@>A=6E6 2?5 F?6G6?[Q E96 u@@5 2?5 p8C:4F=EFC6 ~C82?:K2E:@?VD 49:67 64@?@>:DE |2I:>@ %@C6C@ E@=5 pu!]k^Am
kAmQ%96 up~ :D 4=62C E92E 52>286 92D 2=C625J 366? 5@?6]QÂ k^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ pC8FD |65:2[ E96 AC:46 @7 FC62 7C@> E96 |:55=6 t2DE 92D[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ C:D6? 3J f_ A6C46?E :? 2 >2EE6C @7 H66<D]k^Am
kAmvF=7 4@F?EC:6D 2C6 >2;@C 6IA@CE6CD @7 ?:EC@86? 76CE:=:D6CDÂ =:<6 FC62 \\ H9:49 AC@G:56D A=2?ED H:E9 ?:EC@86? E@ 2:5 8C66? =627J 8C@HE9 \\ 2D H6== 2D 2>>@?:2 2?5 A9@DA92E6]k^Am
kAmxE2=J ?@E23=J 42==65 =2DE H66< 7@C 2 Q9F>2?:E2C:2? 4@CC:5@CQ :? E96 $EC2:E @7 w@C>FK 7@C 76CE:=:D6C 2D %@C6C@ H2C?65 E92E :7 9:89 AC:46D 4@?E:?F6[ 72C>6CD H@F=5 7246 2 DE2C< 49@:46i Qu2C> E96 D2>6 H:E9 76H6C :?AFED[ A=2?E =6DD[ @C DH:E49 E@ =6DD :?E6?D:G6 76CE:=:D6C 4C@AD[Q H9:49 H@F=5 C65F46 7@@5 DFAA=J H6== :?E@ a_af]k^Am
k9am\ {2DE:?8 3=@H E@ DFAA=:6D \k^9am
kAm%@C6C@ H2C?65 E96 3@EE=6?64< :? >2C:?6 EC277:4 D:?46 E96 4@?7=:4E 3682? @? u63CF2CJ ag >62?E 6G6? :7 w@C>FK H6C6 E@ C6@A6? :>>65:2E6=J Q:?7C2DECF4EFC6 52>286 :D ?@E 7F==J C6G6CD:3=6 :? E96 D9@CE E6C>]Qk^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ zA=6C 52E2[ 2C@F?5 `]h >:==:@? E@??6D @7 76CE:=:D6C 2C6 EC2AA65 @? c` G6DD6=D[ 6BF2= E@ `a A6C46?E @7 2== AC@5F46 D9:AA65 @FE @7 E96 DEC2:E :? a_ac]k^Am
kAm~? |2C49 a[ E96 2>>@?:2 A=2?E 2E E96 #2D {2772? C67:?6CJ :? "2E2C H2D 2EE24<65] !=2?ED 92G6 2=D@ DFDA6?565 @C C65F465 AC@5F4E:@? :? E96 &pt[ $2F5: pC23:2[ xC2?[ y@C52? 2?5 "2E2C[ H9@D6 "274@ 4@>A=6I 244@F?E65 7@C `c A6C46?E @7 8=@32= EC256 :? FC62]Â k^Am
kAm~G6C2==[ 23@FE @?6 E9:C5 @7 FC62 EC256 92D 366? 49@<65 @77[ D2JD E96 up~]k^Am
kAmx? x?5:2 2?5 q2?8=256D9[ ?:EC@86? 76CE:=:D6C A=2?ED 92G6 D=@H65 5@H?[ F?23=6 E@ 4@A6 H:E9 E96 D@2C:?8 4@DE @7 E96 82D C6BF:C65 E@ @A6C2E6]k^Am
k9am\ !C:46 3C62<D \k^9am
kAmtG6? :7 AC@5F4E:@? 2?5 D9:AA:?8 C6DF>6D :? E96 vF=7[ AC:46D 7@C ?:EC@86? 76CE:=:D6CD H:== 72== D=@H=J 2?5 F?6G6?=J[ H2C?65 %@C6C@]k^Am
kAmQ&?=:<6 @:=[ E96 76CE:=:D6C D64E@C 5@6D ?@E 92G6 :?E6C?2E:@?2==J 4@@C5:?2E65 DEC2E68:4 C6D6CG6D[ >2<:?8 DFAA=J 5:DCFAE:@?D >@C6 5:77:4F=E E@ >2?286]k^Am
kAmQ#6A2:C E:>6=:?6D 2C6 >62DFC65 :? >@?E9D[ ?@E 52JD]Qk^Am
kAm!FC492D6CD 92G6 2=D@ 366? 9:E 3J E96 724E E92E >2?J AC6\H2C 4@?EC24ED 8@G6C?:?8 AC:46D 92G6 366? DFDA6?565 2D AC@5F46CD 4:E6 Q7@C46 >2;6FC6[Q 7@C4:?8 C6=:2?46 @? 9:896C DA@E >2C<6E AC:46D]k^Am
kAm%96 up~ 7@C642DED 8=@32= 76CE:=:D6C AC:46D 4@F=5 2G6C286 `d–a_ A6C46?E 9:896C :? E96 7:CDE 92=7 a_ae]k^Am
kAmQp >62?:?87F= 564=:?6 H@F=5 =:<6=J E2<6 7@FC E@ 6:89E H66<D 27E6C C6@A6?:?8[ 2D AC@5F4E:@? C2>AD FA 2?5 D9:AA:?8 C6D4965F=6D[Q D2JD %@C6C@] Q!C:46D 2C6 F?=:<6=J E@ C6EFC? E@ u63CF2CJ a_ae =6G6=D 367@C6 E96 E9:C5 BF2CE6C @7 a_ae[ :7 2E 2== E9:D J62C]Qk^Am
k9am\ %@@ =2E6 7@C D@>6 \k^9am
kAmw6 25565 >2?J 4C@A A=2?E:?8 564:D:@?D 92G6 2=C625J 366? >:DD65 H:E9 E96 }@CE96C? w6>:DA96C6 2=C625J :? A=2?E:?8 D62D@?D[ >62?:?8 E9@D6 J:6=5D H:== ?@E 36 C64@G6C65]k^Am
kAmQxEVD E@@ =2E6Q :? x?5:2[ q2?8=256D9[ !2<:DE2?[ $C: {2?<2[ $F52?[ z6?J2[ $@>2=:2[ %FC<6J[ 2?5 y@C52?[ 2== 962G:=J C6=:2?E @? vF=7 76CE:=:K6CD] qFE A6C92AD ?@E 7@C D64@?5 92CG6DED :? pD:2 :7 76CE:=:K6CD 2CC:G6 H:E9:? c E@ e H66<D]Qk^Am
kAmw6 6IA=2:?65 E92E QE96 E:>6 36EH66? 2 76CE:=:D6C D9@4< 2?5 2 92CG6DE 72:=FC6 :D >62DFC65 :? >@?E9D] %96 E:>6 36EH66? 2 92CG6DE 72:=FC6 2?5 2 7@@5 AC:46 DFC86 :D >62DFC65 :? >@?E9D >@C6] (6 2C6 2=C625J :?D:56 E92E H:?5@H]Qk^Am
k9am\ Q#:AA=6 67764EQ \k^9am
kAm!C:46D DA:<65 7@==@H:?8 AC6G:@FD 5:DCFAE:@?D 5FC:?8 E96 7:?2?4:2= 4C:D:D @7 a__g 2?5 E96 #FDD:2? :?G2D:@? @7 &<C2:?6 :? a_aa]k^Am
kAmQx E9:?< H92E >2<6D E9:D @?6 A@E6?E:2==J >@C6 4C:E:42= :D E96 ?F>36C @7 AC@5F4E:@? 9F3D E92E 2C6 :?G@=G65 2?5 4@F?EC:6D E92E 2C6 :?G@=G65[Q D2JD $2C29 |2C=@H[ 8=@32= 65:E@C 7@C 76CE:=:D6C 2E pC8FD |65:2]k^Am
kAmQp?5 E96? E96 C:AA=6 67764E 92D DAC625 @FE 7C@> E96 vF=7 E@ @E96C 4@F?EC:6D[ H9:49 92G6 2=D@ 366? 27764E65 3J 2 =24< @7 C2H >2E6C:2=D[ 2 =24< @7 82D]Qk^Am
kAm49@^D3^4H^8Gk^Am