![]()
Eye doctors and parents have more options than ever to treat and slow the progression of myopia in children. However, many parents either aren’t aware of available resources or don’t take advantage of the recommended strategies to reduce myopia’s onset and progression.
kAm“%96 |J@A:2 pH2C6?6DD v2A[” 2? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^Qmp== p3@FE ':D:@?k^2m Wpp'X DFCG6J 4@?5F4E65 3J %96 w2CC:D !@== :? yF=J a_ae[ D@F89E E@ :56?E:7J 82AD :? A2C6?EDV F?56CDE2?5:?8 @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^@G6CG:6H\@7\?62CD:89E65?6DD^Qm>J@A:2k^2m AC6G6?E:@? 2?5 EC62E>6?E] %96 @?=:?6 DFCG6J @7 f_c A2C6?ED H:E9 49:=5C6? F?56C E96 286 @7 `g 7@F?5 D6G6C2= 2C62D H96C6 A2C6?ED 92G6 >:D4@?46AE:@?D 2?5 ?@E23=6 2H2C6?6DD 82ADik^Am
kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ645`2676a2bfhfd4cc_3bd44dg7ag5a3_Qmp=>@DE 92=7 @7 A2C6?ED[ cgT[ 36=:6G6 ?@E9:?8 42? 36 5@?6 E@ C65F46 2 49:=5’D C:D< @7 56G6=@A:?8 >J@A:2]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6e`cf4e_b`_4354b3e2h`h47dabdhcde5Qmp >2;@C:EJ @7 A2C6?ED D2J E96:C 49:=5C6? 2C6?’E 7@==@H:?8 C64@>>6?565 3692G:@CD =:<6 92G:?8 C@FE:?6 G:D:@? D4C66?:?8D 2E H6==\49:=5 G:D:ED WeaTX[ 9@=5:?8 56G:46D 2E 2? 2AAC@AC:2E6 5:DE2?46 WegTX[ @C 2G@:5:?8 D4C66?D 367@C6 365 WegTX]k^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ63g3ca6_g4dfdd3`aa_e2g`4hefg37e72QmyFDE @G6C a :? d A2C6?ED WcaTX 92G6 962C5 @7 DA64:2=EJ 8=2DD6D 7@C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^H92E\:D\>J@A:2\4@?EC@=^Qm>J@A:2 4@?EC@=k^2m E92E 42? 36 FD65 E@ >2?286 E96 4@?5:E:@? :? 49:=5C6?] k^=:mk^F=m
k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^`_^`b^>J@A:2\2H2C6?6DD\82A\A2C6?E\BF@E6];A8Q 2=ElQp A@DE6C D9@H:?8 DFCG6J C6DF=ED 2>@?8 ?62C=J 92=7 @7 A2C6?ED 36=:6G6 E96C6UR_bhjD ?@E9:?8 E96J 42? 5@ E@ C65F46 E96:C 49:=5UR_bhjD C:D< @7 ?62CD:89E65?6DD]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m$@FC46i %96 w2CC:D !@== |J@A:2 $FCG6J] r@?5F4E65 @? 3692=7 @7 p== p3@FE ':D:@?] yF=J a_ae]k^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
kAmxE’D 4=62C 7C@> E96 DFCG6J E92E 5@4E@CD 2?5 6IA6CED DE:== ?665 E@ 255C6DD >:D4@?46AE:@?D 2?5 65F42E6 A2C6?ED @? E96 C2?86 @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^A2C6?ED\AC:>6C\@?\>J@A:2\4@?EC@=\DEC2E68:6D^Qm>J@A:2 >2?286>6?E DEC2E68:6Dk^2m 2?5 AC6G6?E:G6 =:76DEJ=6 492?86D] !2C6?ED D66>65 E@ =24< F?56CDE2?5:?8 @? E@A:4D C2?8:?8 7C@> 9@H >F49 E:>6 49:=5C6? D9@F=5 DA6?5 @FE5@@CD E@ ?6H6C EC62E>6?ED =:<6 DA64:2=EJ 8=2DD6D 2?5 4@?E24E =6?D6D] k^Am
k9bm%96 DJ>AE@>D E92E 2C6 36:?8 @G6C=@@<65k^9bm
kAm$A@EE:?8 ?62CD:89E65?6DD DJ>AE@>D 62C=J :D 4C:E:42= E@ D66:?8 2? 6J6 5@4E@C 7@C E:>6=J 5:28?@D:D 2?5 EC62E>6?E] pp'’D DFCG6J @7 f_c A2C6?ED D9@H65 >:I65 C6DF=ED :? A2C6?ED’ <?@H=6586 @7 E96 >@DE 4@>>@? DJ>AE@>D]k^Am
kAmu@C 6I2>A=6[ ;FDE @G6C @?6 :? 7:G6 A2C6?ED C64@8?:K6 4@>A=2:?ED 7C@> E96:C 49:=5C6? @7 72C2H2J @3;64ED =@@<:?8 3=FCCJ WaaTX 2?5 ?665:?8 E@ DBF:?E 2E 5:DE2?E @3;64ED WabTX 2D E96 >@DE 4@>>@? ?62CD:89E65?6DD DJ>AE@>D]k^Am
kAmw6252496D 2C6 2?@E96C :>A@CE2?E E6==] *6E ?62C=J 92=7 @7 A2C6?ED WceTX 5@?’E C62=:K6 E92E 7C6BF6?E 96252496D 42? 36 2 DJ>AE@> @7 F?4@CC64E65 ?62CD:89E65?6DD :? 2 49:=5]k^Am
kAmu2>:=J 9:DE@CJ :D E96 DEC@?86DE C:D< 724E@C A2C6?ED 42??@E 492?86] p 49:=5 H:E9 @?6 ?62CD:89E65 A2C6?E :D >@C6 =:<6=J E@ 364@>6 ?62CD:89E65 E92? 2 49:=5 H:E9 ?@?6] %96 =:<6=:9@@5 C:D6D 282:? H96? 3@E9 A2C6?ED 2C6 >J@A:4]k^Am
kAm!2C6?ED >2J >:DD 4C:E:42= D:8?D F?E:= 49:=5C6? C6249 D49@@= 286[ H96? 4=62C G:D:@? :D ?646DD2CJ 7@C 2 G2C:6EJ @7 52:=J 24E:G:E:6D 2?5 82AD 364@>6 6G:56?E] $F592 }2==2D2>J[ |s[ A65:2EC:4 @A9E92=>@=@8:DE 2?5 2DD@4:2E6 5:C64E@C @7 %96 ':D:@? r6?E6C 2?5 49:67 @7 E96 A65:2EC:4 @A9E92=>@=@8J D6CG:46 2E r9:=5C6?’D w@DA:E2= {@D p?86=6D[ D2:5 E92E A2J:?8 2EE6?E:@? E@ H92E 49:=5C6? 56D4C:36 2E D49@@= 2=@?8 H:E9 E96:C G2C:@FD 6IA6C:6?46D :D :>A@CE2?E E@ DA@E 4=F6D :7 E96J 2C6 56G6=@A:?8 ?62CD:89E65?6DD] k^Am
kAm“s:77:4F=EJ D66:?8 E96 3@2C5 :D AC@323=J 8@:?8 E@ 36 E96 7:CDE D:8?] pE 9@>6[ A2C6?ED >:89E ?@E:46 E92E E96:C 49:=5 42?VE C625 DEC66E D:8?D 7C@> 2D 72C 2H2J 2D E96J 42?[” }2==2D2>J D2:5] k^Am
kAm!2J:?8 2EE6?E:@? E@ E96D6 D:8?D 2?5 E96? 7@==@H:?8 FA H:E9 2 4@>AC696?D:G6 6J6 6I2> :D 4C:E:42=[ D96 D2:5] r@>>@? DJ>AE@>D @7 ?62CD:89E65?6DD 2=D@ :?4=F56 ?665:?8 E@ >@G6 @3;64ED 4=@D6C E@ D66 E96> 4=62C=J[ DBF:?E:?8 2?5 6J6 DEC2:?] #68F=2C D49@@= G:D:@? D4C66?:?8D 42? 2=D@ 36 2? :>A@CE2?E >6492?:D> 7@C 7=288:?8 :DDF6D 62C=J 3FE 5@ ?@E C6A=246 2 4@>AC696?D:G6 6J6 6I2>]k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^`_^`b^>J@A:2\2H2C6?6DD\82A\96252496\:?\2CE:4=6];A8Q 2=ElQp A@DE6C D9@H:?8 A@== C6DF=ED 2>@?8 A2C6?ED H9@ 5@?UR_bhjE C62=:K6 @7 7C6BF6?E 96252496D 4@F=5 36 2 DJ>AE@> @7 F?4@CC64E65 ?62CD:89E65?6DD :? 2 49:=5]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m$@FC46i %96 w2CC:D !@== |J@A:2 $FCG6J] r@?5F4E65 @? 3692=7 @7 p== p3@FE ':D:@?] yF=J a_ae]k^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9bmk3C ^m%96 6G@=G:?8 492==6?86 @7 >2?28:?8 D4C66? E:>6k^9bm
kAm$4C66? E:>6 25G:46 2?5 36DE AC24E:46D 2C6 7C6BF6?E E@A:4D H96? A2C6?ED 3C:?8 E96:C 49:=5C6? :? 7@C 2 G:D:E[ D2:5 }2==2D2>J] $96 D2:5 D96’D C68F=2C=J 2D<65 23@FE 9@H >F49 D4C66? E:>6 :D 2AAC@AC:2E6 7@C 49:=5C6? 2?5 E96 =2E6DE C64@>>6?52E:@?D]k^Am
kAmq2D65 @? pp'’D C6D62C49[ A2C6?ED E6?5 E@ @G6C6DE:>2E6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^D4C66?\E:>6\3J\286^Qm9@H >F49 D4C66? E:>6 E@ 2==@Hk^2m] p44@C5:?8 E@ E96 A@==[ ceT @7 A2C6?ED 36=:6G6 :E E2<6D E9C66 9@FCD @C >@C6 @7 52:=J D4C66? E:>6 367@C6 :E’D =:?<65 E@ 2 9:896C C:D< @7 >J@A:2] k^Am
kAmqFE C6D62C49 :?5:42E6D E96 E9C6D9@=5 :D >F49 =@H6C] #:D< 42? 368:? E@ C:D6 27E6C @?6 9@FC 52:=J @7 D4C66? E:>6[ ?62C=J 5@F3=:?8 H:E9 7@FC 9@FCD @7 FD6] k^Am
kAm(9:=6 E96 2>@F?E @7 D4C66? E:>6 >2EE6CD[ D@>6 A2C6?ED >:89E ?@E C62=:K6 E92E E96 56G:46D 49:=5C6? FD6 92G6 2? :>A24E 2D H6==] }2==2D2>J 6?4@FC286D 2 D9:7E 2H2J 7C@> A9@?6D 2?5 E23=6ED 2?5 E@H2C5 =2C86C\D4C66? 56G:46D =:<6 2 E6=6G:D:@? H96?6G6C A@DD:3=6] k^Am
kAm“x E6== A2C6?ED E92E :7 E96:C 49:=5 H2?ED E@ H2E49 D@>6E9:?8[ E96J D9@F=5 92G6 E96 49:=5 H2E49 :E @? 2 E6=6G:D:@? :?DE625 @7 2 A9@?6 @C E23=6E] p E6=6G:D:@? :D =2C86C 2?5 G:6H65 2E 2 5:DE2?46[ D@ E96 49:=5 5@6D?’E 92G6 E@ 244@>>@52E6 2D >F49] %92E’D =6DD =:<6=J E@ :?5F46 >J@A:2 E92? H2E49:?8 D@>6E9:?8 @? 2 D>2== D4C66? 96=5 ?62C3J[” D96 D2:5]k^Am
kAm(2E49:?8 %' 7C@> E96 4@F49 42? 2=D@ 36 :?DECF4E:G6] x7 E96 49:=5 92D E@ DEC2:? @C >@G6 G6CJ 4=@D6 E@ D66[ :E 4@F=5 36 2?@E96C D:8? E92E E96J 2C6 ?62CD:89E65 2?5 ?665 E@ 92G6 E96:C 6J6D 6I2>:?65]k^Am
kAm|F49 @7 E96 4@?46C? H:E9 D4C66?D :D 4@??64E65 E@ @E96C 962=E9 4@?46C?D[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 DFCG6J] ~G6C c :? d A2C6?ED 2C6 4@?46C?65 23@FE D=66A BF2=:EJ WgeTX[ E96 23:=:EJ E@ 7@4FD 2?5 A2J 2EE6?E:@? WgeTX[ G:D:@?^6J6 962=E9 WgdTX[ @G6C2== >6?E2= 962=E9 WgdTX[ 2?5 E96 23:=:EJ E@ 4@>>F?:42E6 2?5 :?E6C24E H:E9 @E96CD :? A6CD@? Wg`TX]k^Am
kAmq2D65 @? E9@D6 4@?46C?D[ 2 49:=5’D C6=2E:@?D9:A H:E9 D4C66?D D9@F=5 36 :?E6C24E:G6 2?5 65F42E:@?2=[ C2E96C E92? A2DD:G6 4@?E6?E 4@?DF>AE:@?[ 244@C5:?8 E@ }2==2D2>J] ':56@ 42==D H:E9 C6=2E:G6D 42? 3F:=5 4@??64E:@?D 2?5 2C6 <6J E@ 49:=59@@5 56G6=@A>6?E] p==@H:?8 2 49:=5 D@=6=J E@ A=2J G:56@ 82>6D @? 2 A9@?6 >2J ?@E @?=J 36 ?@?65F42E:@?2=[ D96 D2:5[ 3FE 42? 4@?EC:3FE6 E@ ?62CD:89E65?6DD]k^Am
kAm}2==2D2>J C64@>>6?565 E92E A2C6?ED :?G6DE:82E6 :7 E96:C 49:=5’D D>2CE 56G:46 92D 2 762EFC6 E92E D6?5D 2? 2=6CE :7 E96 56G:46 :D 36:?8 96=5 E@@ 4=@D6=J 7@C 2? 6IE6?565 A6C:@5 @7 E:>6]k^Am
k9bmq6EE6C 923:ED 7@C 6J6 962=E9k^9bm
kAmw6=A:?8 49:=5C6? >2<6 8@@5 =:76DEJ=6 49@:46D :D 4C:E:42= 7@C E96 AC6G6?E:@? 2?5 EC62E>6?E @7 ?62CD:89E65?6DD] k^Am
kAm(96? 49:=5C6? 2C6 AC6D4C:365 8=2DD6D[ :E’D 4C:E:42= E@ 6?4@FC286 2 C68F=2C 923:E @7 H62C:?8 E96>] %9:D >:89E >62? 255C6DD:?8 2 4@>>@? >:D4@?46AE:@? D@>6 A2C6?ED 92G6]k^Am
kAm|2C:?2 t:D6?36C8[ |s[ 2 A65:2EC:4 @A9E92=>@=@8:DE 2E E96 r@=6 tJ6 x?DE:EFE6[ r=6G6=2?5 r=:?:4[ 7:?5D E92E >2?J A2C6?ED D96 H@C<D H:E9 >:DE2<6?=J E9:?< E96:C 49:=5C6?’D ?62CD:89E65?6DD H:== H@CD6? E96 >@C6 E96J H62C E96:C 8=2DD6D] k^Am
kAm“z66A:?8 E96> @FE @7 8=2DD6D =@?86C H96? E96J’C6 ?62CD:89E65 :D 24EF2==J 56EC:>6?E2= E@ E96:C G:D:@?[ 2?5 H6 E9:?< :E 42? >2<6 E96 >J@A:2 AC@8C6DD 72DE6C[” D96 D2:5] “$@>6 A2C6?ED C62==J 36=:6G6 :E’D E96 8=2DD6D E92E 2C6 42FD:?8 :E[ 3FE :? C62=:EJ :E’D ;FDE 3:@=@8J]”k^Am
kAm&?4@CC64E65 ?62CD:89E65?6DD 42? 5@ >@C6 E92? 3=FC E96 3@2C5] r9:=5C6? H9@ 42?’E D66 5:DE2?46 4=62C=J >:89E >:DD 56E2:=D :? E96 4=2DDC@@>[ 5C:7E 2H2J 7C@> DA@CED E92E 56A6?5 @? EC24<:?8 2 32== @C E:C6 BF:4<=J 5FC:?8 DFDE2:?65 C625:?8] %96D6 3692G:@CD >2J 36 :?E6CAC6E65 2D :?2EE6?E:@? @C 5:D:?E6C6DE C2E96C E92? 2 G:D:@? AC@3=6>]k^Am
kAmx? 255:E:@?[ pp'’D A@== C6G62=65 E92E A2C6?ED 2C6 >:DD:?8 E96 >2C< E@ 6?4@FC286 @E96C 962=E9J 3692G:@CD] p3@FE c :? `_ @C 76H6C A2C6?ED D2J E96:C 49:=5C6?ik^Am
kF=mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ66e4adhe`dh2b`_fb`c`7dacc3bh_ab5_Qmt2E 2 32=2?465 5:6Ei c`Tk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6_c65ab36d44ehe`h67ff6ce`46d42b25Qm$A6?5 >@C6 E92? @?6 9@FC @FE5@@CD 5FC:?8 52J=:89E 9@FCD 6249 52Ji c_Tk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6h7h6ag46hd4_dd33d4`e`_a5b5fa7672Qmw2G6 C@FE:?6 G:D:@? D4C66?:?8D 2E H6==\49:=5 G:D:EDi bgTk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6a3`ecfc62g6e_6562f7dg_hfdd77`4d`Qmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^67764ED\@7\E@@\>F49\D4C66?\E:>6^Qmw2G6 =:>:ED @? E96:C E@E2= 52:=J D4C66? E:>6k^2mi bgTk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6ba54gecb3hf_fh2e5h5ad__d_4bffg3dQmw2G6 2? 2??F2= k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^6J6\42C6^6J6\6I2>^H92E\E@\6IA64E^Qm4@>AC696?D:G6 6J6 6I2>:?2E:@?k^2mi bdTk^=:mk=: 52E2\=:DE\:E6>\:5lQ6b4bg_a_6h`5g7b44273ea6a23cc37e_6QmpG@:5 D4C66?D 367@C6 365i baTk^=:mk^F=m
kAm}2==2D2>J D2:5 724E@CD 369:?5 A2C6?E 49@:46D 42? 36 4@>A=6I[ 2?5 ?@E 2=H2JD H:E9:? E96:C 4@?EC@=]k^Am
kAm“|2?J 72>:=:6D 92G6 EH@ A2C6?ED H@C<:?8 @FED:56 E96 9@>6] s6G:46D @7E6? 364@>6 323JD:EE6CD[” D96 D2:5] “r9:=542C6 :D G6CJ 492==6?8:?8 :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D[ 2?5 ?@E 6G6CJ@?6 42? 277@C5 :E] tG6? H96? 2 A2C6?E DE2JD 9@>6 H:E9 2 49:=5[ E92E A2C6?E 92D E@ 244@>A=:D9 @E96C E9:?8D 36D:56D H2E49:?8 E96 49:=5 2== E96 E:>6]” pD 2 C6DF=E[ D@>6 A2C6?ED >2J 56A6?5 @? 56G:46D E@ @44FAJ E96:C 49:=5C6? >@C6 E92? E96J’5 @E96CH:D6 AC676C E@ 5@]k^Am
kAm$6G6C2= DEF5:6D 92G6 6I2>:?65 E96 C@=6 @7 DA6?5:?8 E:>6 @FE5@@CD :? =@H6C:?8 E96 C:D< @7 >J@A:2] |2?J 92G6 7@F?5 E92E D:8?:7:42?E E:>6 @FE5@@CD 42? C65F46 @C 56=2J E96 C:D< @7 56G6=@A:?8 ?62CD:89E65?6DD] %96 DA64:7:4 H2J @FE5@@C E:>6 96=AD :D ?@E 7F==J F?56CDE@@5[ 3FE >2?J 6IA6CED C64@>>6?5 2E =62DE EH@ 9@FCD @C >@C6 @7 E:>6 @FED:56 A6C 52J]k^Am
kAm~FE5@@C E:>6 2?5 F?DECF4EFC65 A=2J :?96C6?E=J 4@>6 H:E9 @E96C A9JD:42= 2?5 >6?E2= 962=E9 36?67:ED] !2C6?ED D9@F=5 @3D6CG6 36DE AC24E:46D 7@C >2?28:?8 DF? 6IA@DFC6[ DF49 2D 92ED[ DF?8=2DD6D 2?5 DF?D4C66?]k^Am
kAmy677C6J r@@A6C[ ~s[ 2 AC@76DD@C 6>6C:EFD 2E E96 $E2E6 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 }6H *@C< r@==686 @7 ~AE@>6ECJ H9@ AC24E:46D :? |2?92EE2?[ }6H *@C< W?@ C6=2E:@? E@ p== p3@FE ':D:@?’D tI64FE:G6 s:C64E@C @7 |65:42= r@?E6?E[ |:4926= $] r@@A6C[ ~sX[ 42FE:@?D E92E A2C6?ED D9@F=5 92G6 C62=:DE:4 6IA64E2E:@?D 7@C H92E :?4C62D65 @FE5@@C E:>6 24EF2==J 244@>A=:D96D] k^Am
kAm“q6:?8 @FED:56 :D 2 8@@5 2G6?F6 7@C C65F4:?8 E96 C:D< @7 56G6=@A:?8 >J@A:2[ 3FE @?46 J@F 56G6=@A >J@A:2[ E96 DEF5:6D 92G6?’E D9@H? :E E@ 36 E92E 67764E:G6 :? D=@H:?8 AC@8C6DD:@?[” 96 D2:5] ~?46 >J@A:2 92D 56G6=@A65[ DEF5:6D @? E9:D 67764E 92G6 D9@H? >:I65 C6DF=ED[ D@>6 D9@H:?8 36?67:4:2= 67764ED H9:=6 @E96CD D9@H >:?:>2= :>A24E @? E96 C2E6 @7 AC@8C6DD:@?]k^Am
kAm~?46 2 49:=5 92D >J@A:2[ r@@A6C D2:5 E96C6 2C6 >2?J 67764E:G6 EC62E>6?ED] p44@C5:?8 E@ E96 DFCG6J[ A2C6?ED @G6CH96=>:?8=J 36=:6G6 E92E E96C6 2C6 DEC2E68:6D E92E >2J 96=A D=@H AC@8C6DD:@? WghTX] k^Am
kAm“(6’C6 G6CJ 288C6DD:G6 :? @FC 2AAC@249[” 96 D2:5] “(6 =@@< 2E 49:=5C6? H9@ 2C6 J@F?8 2?5 ?@E J6E >J@A:4 3FE 92G6 D:8?:7:42?E C:D< 724E@CD] %96 5:D4FDD:@? 368:?D :>>65:2E6=J[ A2CE:4F=2C=J :7 E96 A2C6?ED 2C6 >J@A:4] (6 >2J 92G6 E96 @AE:@? @7 6:E96C D=@H:?8 >J@A:2 @?46 :E 368:?D @C 5@:?8 D@>6E9:?8 E@ AC6G6?E :E 7C@> DE2CE:?8]”k^Am
k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^`_^`b^>J@A:2\2H2C6?6DD\82A\A2C6?ED\DFCG6CJ];A8Q 2=ElQp A@DE6C D9@H:?8 DFCG6J C6DF=ED 7C@> 76H6C E92? 92=7 @7 A2C6?ED D2J E96:C 49:=5C6? >66E @FE5@@C 2?5 D4C66?\E:>6 923:ED]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m$@FC46i %96 w2CC:D !@== |J@A:2 $FCG6J] r@?5F4E65 @? 3692=7 @7 p== p3@FE ':D:@?] yF=J a_ae]k^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m
k9bmk3C ^mp ?6H 6C2 @7 >J@A:2 4@?EC@=k^9bm
kAmtJ6 5@4E@CD 92G6 D6G6C2= k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^4@?EC@=\72B^Qm@AE:@?D 7@C >2?28:?8 ?62CD:89E65?6DDk^2m[ H:E9 C646?E 25G2?46D @776C:?8 6G6? >@C6] k^Am
kAmr@@A6C D2:5 7@C 49:=5C6? H9@ 2C6 2E C:D< 3FE ?@E J6E ?62CD:89E65[ 96 5:D4FDD6D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^>J@A:2\4@?EC@=\2EC@A:?6\6J6\5C@AD^Qm=@H\5@D6 2EC@A:?6 6J6 5C@ADk^2m]k^Am
kAm~?46 2 49:=5 92D 366? 5:28?@D65 2D ?62CD:89E65[ 49@:46D 6IA2?5 E@ >J@A:2 4@?EC@= 6J68=2DD =6?D6D @C 4@?E24E =6?D6D @C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^6J6H62C^4@?E24E\=6?D6D^4@?5:E:@?D^@CE9@<\4@?E24ED^Qm@CE9@<6C2E@=@8J =6?D6Dk^2m E92E 2C6 H@C? @G6C?:89E E@ 86?E=J C6D92A6 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^6J6\42C6^6J6\2?2E@>J^6J6\DECF4EFC6^4@C?62^Qm4@C?62k^2m 5FC:?8 D=66A] k^Am
kAm%96 pp' DFCG6J 7@F?5 =@H 2H2C6?6DD 2>@?8 A2C6?ED 23@FE >2?J @7 E96 ?6H EC62E>6?ED] ~?=J caT 92G6 962C5 @7 DA64:2=EJ 8=2DD6D 7@C >J@A:2 4@?EC@= 2?5 @?=J bdT 2C6 2H2C6 @7 DA64:2=EJ 4@?E24E =6?D6D] {6DD E92? @?6 E9:C5[ @C b_T[ 92G6 962C5 @7 AC6D4C:AE:@? 6J6 5C@AD]k^Am
kAm|J@A:2 4@?EC@= 8=2DD6D 2C6 56D:8?65 E@ D=@H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^=6?8E9\@7\6J6^Qm2I:2= 6=@?82E:@?k^2m[ E96 7C@?E\E@\324< 8C@HE9 @7 E96 6J6] %96 6J6 :D @7E6? E@@ =@?8 7C@?E E@ 324< :? E9@D6 H:E9 ?62CD:89E65?6DD[ H9:49 42FD6D =:89E E@ 7@4FD @? E96 7C@?E @7 E96 C6E:?2 C2E96C E92? 5:C64E=J @? E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^6J6\42C6^6J6\2?2E@>J^6J6\DECF4EFC6^C6E:?2^QmC6E:?2k^2m] %96 8=2DD6D C67@4FD =:89E @?E@ E96 C6E:?2 :? 2 >2??6C E92E D:8?2=D E96 6J6 E@ D=@H 8C@HE9] k^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^6J6\42C6^A2C6?ED\<:5D^>J@A:2\4@?EC@=\4@?E24E\=6?D6D^Qm|J@A:2 4@?EC@= 4@?E24E =6?D6Dk^2m H@C< D:>:=2C=J] $@>6 2C6 H@C? 5FC:?8 E96 52J[ H9:=6 @E96CD[ <?@H? 2D @CE9@<6C2E@=@8J =6?D6D[ 2C6 H@C? @G6C?:89E] %96D6 =6?D6D H@C< E@ 86?E=J C6D92A6 E96 4@C?62] pEC@A:?6 6J6 5C@AD 92G6 366? 7@F?5 E@ 36 67764E:G6[ H:E9 2 D>2== 5@D6 25>:?:DE6C65 2E 365E:>6 E@ 96=A D=@H E96 AC@8C6DD:@? @7 2I:2= >J@A:2]k^Am
kAm!2C6?ED D9@F=5 36 2H2C6 E92E D=@H:?8 AC@8C6DD:@? :D E96 8@2= @7 6249 @7 E96D6 EC62E>6?ED] }@?6 H:== C6G6CD6 @C 6=:>:?2E6 ?62CD:89E65?6DD] xE :D C64@>>6?565 E@ 86E DE2CE65 2D D@@? 2D A@DD:3=6[ 2D 56=2J:?8 E96 @?D6E @7 >J@A:2 3J ;FDE @?6 J62C :D 6BF:G2=6?E E@ EH@ E@ E9C66 J62CD @7 >J@A:2 4@?EC@= 677@CED]k^Am
kAm“p== @7 E96D6 56G:46D 2?5 5C@AD 96=A D=@H 5@H? E96 AC@8C6DD:@? @7 ?62CD:89E65?6DD[ 3FE E96J 5@?’E 4@>A=6E6=J DE@A :E[” t:D6?36C8 D2:5]k^Am
kAm&?EC62E65 ?62CD:89E65?6DD @7E6? 25G2?46D E9C@F89 E96 E66? J62CD[ H9:49 42? C6DF=E :? 2 9:896C C:D< @7 D6C:@FD 6J6 5:D62D6 =2E6C :? =:76] %96 DFCG6J C6DF=ED :?5:42E6 E9:D :D E@A @7 >:?5 7@C A2C6?ED[ 2D ghT 36=:6G6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^>J@A:2^42FD6D\:?\49:=5C6?^Qm49:=59@@5 >J@A:2k^2m 4@F=5 C2:D6 E96 C:D< @7 D6C:@FD 6J6 4@?5:E:@?D =2E6C @?] k^Am
kAmp4E:?8 62C=J :D :>A@CE2?E 7@C DE2G:?8 @77 A@E6?E:2==J >@C6 D6C:@FD 4@?5:E:@?D =2E6C :? =:76] r@@A6C D2:5 5@4E@CD D9@F=5 5:D4FDD >J@A:2 >2?286>6?E @AE:@?D H:E9 A2C6?ED[ ?@E:?8 E92E @?46 2 AC6D4C:AE:@? C62496D 7@FC 5:@AE6CD WE96 F?:E FD65 E@ >62DFC6 2? 6J68=2DD AC6D4C:AE:@?X[ E96 :?4:56?46 @7 4@?5:E:@?D =:<6 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^8=2F4@>2^@G6CG:6H\@7\8=2F4@>2^Qm8=2F4@>2k^2m[ >J@A:4 >24F=2C 5686?6C2E:@? 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^4@?5:E:@?D^C6E:?2=\56E249>6?E^@G6CG:6H\@7\56E24965\C6E:?2^QmC6E:?2= 56E249>6?Ek^2m 42? :?4C62D6] w@H6G6C[ E96C6 :D :?4C62D65 C:D< 6G6? H:E9 =@H 2>@F?ED @7 >J@A:2]k^Am
kAmp DF446DD7F= DEC2E68J :?G@=G6D 2? @A6? 4@?G6CD2E:@? H:E9 A2C6?ED 2?5 49:=5C6? 23@FE H92E EC62E>6?ED 2C6 2G2:=23=6[ H92E E@ C62D@?23=J 6IA64E E96J’== 244@>A=:D9 2?5 4@?E:?F2= >@?:E@C:?8] %9:D 42? :?4=F56 >62DFC:?8 2I:2= 8C@HE9 2?5 49@@D:?8 H92E 36DE 7:ED 2 49:=5’D :?E6C6DED 2?5 =:76DEJ=6] w6 ?@E65 E92E :7 2 49:=5 5@6D?’E =:<6 E96 :562 @7 4@?E24ED[ AC6D4C:3:?8 E96> H@?’E H@C<] k^Am
kAm“%96 49@:46 D9@F=5 C62==J 36 >256 3J E96 49:=5 2?5 E96 A2C6?E[ ?@E 3J >6[” r@@A6C D2:5] k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m}@E6ik^DEC@?8m (9:=6 >2?J DEF5:6D 92G6 =@@<65 2E 2?5 6J6 5@4E@CD 92G6 FD65 2EC@A:?6 6J6 5C@AD @G6C E96 J62CD[ E96 &]$] u@@5 U2>Aj sCF8 p5>:?:DEC2E:@? WuspX 92D ?@E 2AAC@G65 :E 7@C E96 :?5:42E:@? @7 >J@A:2 4@?EC@=] xE :D 4@?D:56C65 @77\=236= FD6]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m|6E9@5@=@8Jk^DEC@?8m k^Am
kAm%9:D DFCG6J H2D 4@?5F4E65 @?=:?6 H:E9:? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D 3J %96 w2CC:D !@== @? 3692=7 @7 p== p3@FE ':D:@?[ DFAA@CE65 3J tDD:=@C{FI@EE:42 7C@> yF?6 ad\ah[ a_ae[ 2>@?8 f_c A2C6?ED @7 49:=5C6? F?56C 286 `g] %96 D2>A=:?8 AC64:D:@? @7 w2CC:D @?=:?6 A@==D :D >62DFC65 3J FD:?8 2 q2J6D:2? 4C65:3=6 :?E6CG2=] u@C E9:D DEF5J[ E96 D2>A=6 52E2 :D 244FC2E6 E@ H:E9:? Z^\ c]` A6C46?E286 A@:?ED FD:?8 2 hdT 4@?7:56?46 =6G6=] %9:D 4C65:3=6 :?E6CG2= H:== 36 H:56C 2>@?8 DF3D6ED @7 E96 DFCG6J65 A@AF=2E:@? @7 :?E6C6DE]k^Am
kAmk6>m|65:42==J C6G:6H65 3J tC:? %@>:J2>2[ ~s[ !9s[ upp~[ 2?5 qCF46 z@77=6C[ |s]k^6>mk^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^C6D@FC46D^?6HD^49:=59@@5\>J@A:2\A2C6?E\2H2C6?6DD\DFCG6J^Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2mk6>m H2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]2==23@FEG:D:@?]4@>^Qmk6>mp== p3@FE ':D:@?k^6>mk^2mk6>m 2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2mk6>m]k^6>mk^Am